International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences | December 2018 | Vol 6 | Issue 12 Page 3801
International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences
Anaba EL et al. Int J Res Med Sci. 2018 Dec;6(12):3801-3806
www.msjonline.org pISSN 2320-6071 | eISSN 2320-6012
Original Research Article
Epidemiology and clinical profile of vitiligo in Ibadan, Nigeria
Ehiaghe L. Anaba
1
*, Adekunle O. George
2
, Adebola O. Ogunbiyi
2
INTRODUCTION
Vitiligo is an acquired skin disorder characterized by
sharply demarcated depigmented lesions of variable sizes
and shape which have the tendency to increase in size
during the patient’s lifetime.
1
The course of vitiligo is
unpredictable with periods of remission and
exacerbation.
2
The natural history is that of slow
progress, but it may stabilize or exacerbate rapidly.
1
De-
pigmentation is more apparent in individuals with darker
skin tones. The spotted appearance of vitiligo can be
traumatizing and stigmatizing.
3,4
Prevalence of vitiligo varies from country to country;
varying from 0.09% to 2.8%.
5-8
Vitiligo can occur at any
age, but peak incidence is in the second or third decades
of life.
9
Average age of onset of vitiligo is before twenty
years in at least half of adult cases and five years in
children.
10
Vitiligo is generally asymptomatic although, itching or
burning of the vitiligo patches may be experienced.
1,11
Lesions usually appear on sun-exposed or
hyperpigmented areas or on sites of stretch and pressure
(face, dorsum of hands and fingers, external genitalia,
knees and elbows) though any part of the body can be
affected.
1
The aim of this study was to document the epidemiology,
clinical (age of onset, location, severity, class of vitiligo)
1
Department of Medicine, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
2
Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
Received: 18 October 2018
Accepted: 13 November 2018
*Correspondence:
Dr. Ehiaghe L. Anaba,
E-mail: ehianaba@yahoo.com
Copyright: © the author(s), publisher and licensee Medip Academy. This is an open-access article distributed under
the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial
use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
ABSTRACT
Background: Vitiligo patients are seen routinely in the Dermatology Outpatient Clinic of the University College
Hospital Ibadan, Nigeria. However, the epidemiologic and clinical profile of these patients is not documented. The
aim of this study was to document the clinical (age of onset, location, severity, class of vitiligo) and
sociodemographic characteristics of these patients.
Methods: This is a retrospective descriptive study of patients treated for vitiligo from January 2005 to December
2009 at the University College Hospital (UCH) Ibadan dermatology outpatient clinic. Patient records were retrieved
and a study proforma was used to assess patient’s information. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 16.
Results: Over the study period, 130 vitiligo patients seen but only 111 case notes were retrieved. The mean age at
onset in children was 7.8±4.0 and 34.6±17.1 in adults, M:F was 1:1. The commonest type of vitiligo was acrofacial,
area of onset was the face/scalp in 59.2%, re-pigmentation was reported in 66%, active lesions in 59.7%, severity of
vitiligo was <9% in 90%, Vitiligo was in visible (exposed) parts of the body 84.7% and asymptomatic in 92.7%.
Conclusions: The clinical profile of vitiligo in Ibadan, Nigeria is similar to that observed in other places with only
females having a genital onset and acrofacial vitiligo being the dominant type seen. Also, treatment modality varies
between children and adults.
Keywords: Clinical profile, Epidemiology, Nigeria, Vitiligo
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20184873