Fabrication of high frequency SAW resonators using AlN/Diamond/Si technology
G.F. Iriarte (1,*), J.G. Rodríguez (1), R. Ro (2), R. Lee (2), O. A. Williams (3), D. Araujo (4), M.P. Villar (4), F. Calle(1)
(1) ISOM-ETSIT, Polytechnic University of Madrid, Spain; (2) I-Shou University, Taiwan; (3) Fraunhofer IAF, Germany, and Cardiff University, UK;
(4) University of Cadiz, Spain
(*)E-mail: gonzalo.fuentes@upm.es
1. Background, Motivation and Objective
High-frequency surface acoustic wave (SAW)
devices are needed more and more as the demand
of large volume data transmission is required. In
order to increase the frequency we can either
decrease the wavelength, which depends on the
size of the interdigital transducers (IDTs), or
increase the phase velocity, which depends on the
material. The first option entails the introduction
of e-beam lithography on the manufacturing
process. The alternative choice requires a careful
selection of a piezoelectric layer and a substrate
with a high phase velocity. The AlN/diamond
bi-layer system is a perfect combination for
high-frequency SAW devices. Diamond is an ideal
candidate due to its sound velocity, around 11.000
m/s. Furthermore, diamond shows several
advantages for MEMS (micro-electro-mechanical
systems) on Si in terms of Young modulus (1300
GPa for diamond and below 200 GPa for Si) or
friction coefficient [1] Recent progresses in the
growth of diamond by CVD (chemical vapor
deposition) allowed to control the incorporation of
impurities and dopants [2] and the microstructure
(nanocrystalline diamond, NCD and
ultra-nano-crystalline diamond UNCD [3]), both
affecting the acoustic behavior of the material.
This permits the development of devices oriented
to biological [4], aggressive [5] or high radiative
[6] environments. Thus, the AlN/diamond bilayer
structure together with e-beam lithography
processing is a perfect combination to increase the
operating frequency of surface acoustic wave
(SAW) devices for cell phones, satellite services
and wireless systems.
2. Statement of Contribution/Methods
AlN thin films have been deposited at room
temperature using a home-built reactive sputtering
system. For process details please refer to [7]. The
films were synthesized on top of polished micro
and nanocrystalline diamond substrates in order to
process high frequency devices. Nanocrystalline
diamond (NCD) films are grown by chemical
vapor deposition on Si substrates. Nevertheless,
the principal disadvantage these NCD films is
their high rough surfaces, that degrades the
piezoelectric film quality and hence the SAW
response. In this work we present different
approaches to achieve high frequency SAW
devices on NCD/Si substrates, namely: smoothing
the AlN surface by different methods or removing
the Si substrate to use the back side diamond
surface. We also propose herewith a method to
wet-etch a small area of the Si substrate and
thereafter deposit AlN on the backside of the
free-standing diamond.
In order to get well oriented AlN, the
diamond substrates have to be planarized as the
high surface roughness worsens the quality of the
sputtered piezoelectric film. Both
chemical-mechanical polishing and SF
6
-O
2
reactive ion etching have been used to smooth the
NCD. The AlN film has also been grown on the
nucleation face of the diamond film once the Si
substrate has been etched out (diamond
573 978-1-4577-1252-4/11/$26.00 ©2011 IEEE 2011 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium Proceedings
10.1109/ULTSYM.2011.0138