Chapter One Introduction 1 CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1. 1 The Problem Metaphor is defined as a figure of speech in which a word or phrase that ordinarily designates one thing is used to designate another, thus making an implicit comparison. The problem is how to conceptualize metaphor as an important cognitive aspect of language, and how to translate it, especially when intended, into different languages representing different cultures. How to maintain adequacy, accuracy and appropriateness of the metaphoric expression in the TL. Howevere, these cannot be realized unless linguistic relativity, languages through determinism, and aesthetic values are taken into account and fully managed. Metaphor is also one of the most problematic areas in translation. To translate metaphor from one language to another, one must be accurate during the steps of translation, because the intended meaning is the main characteristic of a metaphor. This intended meaning will be the main reason behind misunderstanding the main idea. That is why one should take care of some steps during translation. Metaphor is difficult to translate because it has a wider range of meanings than literal language does. For example, the expression "to eat one's words" cannot be literally translated into Arabic or Kurdish since the word "eat", in this expression, is not used in its literal sense; it rather means to take one's statement back. What makes the translation of metaphor difficult is the fact that it is closely related to the actual experience of speakers of the language. Thus, metaphor is related to and affected by the culture of the source language, and the difficulty in translating it is a reflection of the By Shivan Shlaymoon Toma MA Thesis at University of Duhook 2010 Syriac Metaphor in the New Testament and its Interpretation into English, Kurdish, and Arabic