Magnetically Controlled Photovoltaic Diode Structure
V. K. Dugaev
1,2
, Yu. Vygranenko
3
, M. Vieira
1
, V. I. Litvinov
4
, J. Barna
5
1
Department of Electronics and Communications, Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa,
Rua Conselheiro Emidio Navarro, 1949-014 Lisbon, Portugal
2
Institute for Materials Science Problems, Vilde 5, 58001 Chernovtsy, Ukraine
3
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario
N2L 3G1, Canada
4
WaveBand Corporation, Suite 1105, 375 Van Ness Ave., Torrance, CA 90501
5
Department of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, ul. Umultowska 85, 61-614 Pozna , and
Institute of Molecular Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. M. Smoluchowskiego 17,
60-179 Pozna , Poland
ABSTRACT
We propose a new integrated device for spintronics application, which is based on a hybrid
metal-semiconductor structure. The device consists of a Si-based p-i-n photodetector sandwiched
between two layers of a ferromagnetic metal (3d ferromagnet or half-metallic compound). The
photocurrent flowing in such a system is shown to depend on its magnetic configuration. This, in
turn, allows controlling the device performance by an externally applied magnetic field. We have
estimated magnitude of the effect and also determined the role of relevant material parameters.
INTRODUCTION
Recently, many efforts have been undertaken to integrate semiconductors and magnetic
metals into magnetoelectronic devices [1]. The main idea is to make use of spin-polarized
electrons injected from a magnetic metal into a nonmagnetic semiconductor. If realized, this
would enable to design new devices, like for instance magnetically controlled transistors, or
others. Unfortunately, the efficiency of spin injection across the junction between a magnetic
metal and a nonmagnetic semiconductor turns out to be small because of a large difference in
electrical resistivity [2]. From this point of view, the use of ferromagnetic semiconductors
instead of metals might resolve the problem. However, the best known ferromagnetic
semiconductor, GaMnAs, has critical temperature about 110 K [3], which is too small for most
applications. Therefore, hybrid structures like metal-semiconductor junctions are of great
interest. It was shown that the metal-semiconductor incompatibility can be overcome by
introducing tunneling barriers at the interface, which can effectively decrease the spin
relaxation [4, 5].
In this paper we propose a new magnetically controlled photodetector, that consists of the
semiconductor p-i-n structure and two thin films of a magnetic metal. The device does not suffer
from the metal-semiconductor incompatibility. Magnetic sensitivity of the photoresponse current
is of the same physical origin as the giant magnetoresistance (GMR) effect in metallic magnetic
multilayers [6-9]. Therefore, this magnetic sensitivity will be referred to in the following as the
GMR effect, too. Our estimations and theoretical calculations show that the GMR effect under
illumination is much larger than that in equilibrium conditions. The enhancement of GMR is
attributed to the illumination induced spin-polarized electron-hole pairs.
Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. Vol. 721 © 2002 Materials Research Society
E5.1.1