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Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 2017; 5(6): 234-240
E-ISSN: 2320-7078
P-ISSN: 2349-6800
JEZS 2017; 5(6): 234-240
© 2017 JEZS
Received: 05-09-2017
Accepted: 07-10-2017
Syed Abdul Qadeem
Department of Entomology,
Faculty of Crop and Food
Sciences, PMAS Arid Agriculture
University, Rawalpindi,
Pakistan
Ata ul Mohsin
Department of Entomology,
Faculty of Crop and Food
Sciences, PMAS Arid Agriculture
University, Rawalpindi,
Pakistan
Humayun Javed
Department of Entomology,
Faculty of Crop and Food
Sciences, PMAS Arid Agriculture
University, Rawalpindi,
Pakistan
Ajmal Khan Kassi
Department of Entomology,
Faculty of Crop and Food
Sciences, PMAS Arid Agriculture
University, Rawalpindi,
Pakistan
Correspondence
Ajmal Khan Kassi
Department of Entomology,
Faculty of Crop and Food
Sciences, PMAS Arid Agriculture
University, Rawalpindi,
Pakistan
Effect of two cabbage cultivars on fitness of the
most prevalent larval parasitoid of P. xylostella
Syed Abdul Qadeem, Ata ul Mohsin, Humayun Javed and Ajmal Khan Kassi
Abstract
The research was conducted to test the effect of two different cabbage cultivars on development period of
larval parasitoid (Diadegma insulare) which were reared on cabbage pest larval population Plutella
xylostella in biocontrol laboratory at PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi. The effect of two
different cabbage cultivars Golden Acr and Chinese cabbage were tested on the P. xylostella pupae, the
calculated value (28.158%) was higher than critical value (4.09%). The significant variation was found in
pupal development period (days) and mean pupal population (0.85) per plant both cabbage cultivars. The
higher parasitism level (59 %) was recorded on Golden Acr cultivar and the higher fecundity percentage
(61%) was observed on Chinese cabbage cultivar. The total development period of female and male of D.
insular were recorded (6.34±0.9 and 6.80±) on Golen acr and (6.73±0.20 and 7.04± 0.38 days) on
Chinese cabbage. The total longevity of D. insular female was recorded 19.5± 4.32± and 21.32± 1.56±
(days) on G. Acr and C. cabbage cultivars and male longevity period of D. insular was recorded (20.3±
5.18 and 21.9± 1.47 days) on both cultivars. The significant difference was observed on both female and
male forewing size. The hind tibia of D. insulare female and male were measured (Fcal=17.6, fcri= 4.19)
and (Fcal=38.8, fcri= 4.2), respectively.
Keywords: Effect, two cabbage cultivars, fitness
1. Introduction
Pakistan produces almost all vegetables including cabbage. Due to high nutrition value,
cabbage crop is also attacked by a number of insect pests which affects its quality, yield and
better look. The most important insect pest of cabbage crop is Diamondback moth (DBM) P.
xylostella (Plutellidae: Lepidoptera), recorded from more than 128 countries of the world
[1]
.
P. xylostella caterpillars mainly damage as leaf feeders. At early larval instars, damage is as
small irregular holes in the leaves; however, the entire leaf may be eaten by the presence of the
larger population of P. xylostella
[2]
. A lot of damage is due to the construction of tunnels in
the head as in cabbage and brussel sprouts. Furthermore, crop damage is usually first evident
on plants growing on ridges in the crucifier field. The heavy population of P. xylostella can
cause more than 90% crop loss
[3]
and only few fourth stage larvae on a cabbage can make it
unsalable
[4 and 5]
.
Continuous efforts have been made by the breeders and growers to improve cauliflower
production. Practically, all the available methods and pest control technologies have been tried
at some time or another for the management of P. xylostella
[6]
. Selection of varieties and crop
management practices are the main factors that contribute to growing profitable cauliflower
[7]
.
D. insulare is the principle agent used for the control of P. xylostella globally and having a
size of less than 6mm long with reddish brown legs and abdomen. The Female has well
defined ovipositor and produce eggs in round shape which lacks projections. The Larva has
segmented body with white color and narrow tail
[8]
. Number of generations of parasitoid in a
year depends on the number of generations of the host. P. xylostella host larvae support only
one parasitoid larvae and all the larval instars of P. xylostella can be parasitized by D. insulare
[8]
. The P. xylostella parasitized (70% to 90%) of larvae and consume (35% to 80%) less food
than non-parasitized
[8 and 9]
. While, stages of the larval instars parasitized by D. insulare effect
on offspring sex ratio. More males produced when 2
nd
instar are parasitized and more females
are produced when 3
rd
and 4
th
instar are parasitized
[9]
. Parasitoid emerged as a mature larva
from the pre-pupa stage of the cabbage host pest. Single female of D. insulare lays total 814
eggs at 23 °C temperature during incubation period.