Original article Association of obesity with hypertension and dyslipidemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus subjects Razieh Anari a , Reza Amani b, *, Seyed Mahmoud Latiﬁ c , Masoud Veissi d , Hajieh Shahbazian c a Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Arvand International Division, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran b Health Research Institute, Diabetes Research Center, Department of Nutrition, School of Paramedicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran c Health Research Institute, Diabetes Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran d Health Research Institute, Nutrition and Metabolic Disease Research Center, Department of Nutrition, School of Paramedicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran A R T I C L E I N F O Article history: Available online xxx Keywords: Central obesity Dyslipidemia General obesity Hypertension T2DM A B S T R A C T Aim: Obesity and diabetes are contributed to cardiovascular disease risk. The current study was performed to evaluate the association of central and general obesity and cardio-metabolic risk factors, including dyslipidemia and hypertension in T2DM patients. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study in T2DM adults. Body mass index (BMI) was used to identify general obesity and waist circumference (WC) was measured to deﬁne abdominal obesity (based on ATP III). Biochemical analyses, and anthropometric and blood pressure measurements were done for all participants. Results: Participants with central obesity showed signiﬁcantly higher systolic (132.5 mmHg vs. 125.4 mmHg, p = 0.024) and diastolic blood pressures (84.9 mmHg vs. 80 mmHg, p = 0.007) than participants without obesity. Dyslipidemia was more prevalent in all participants either by BMI (98.3% vs. 97%, 95% CI: 0.18–17.53) or by WC (97.2% vs. 98%, 95% CI: 0.07–7.19). Abdominal adiposity in diabetic subjects showed signiﬁcant reverse association with high level of physical activity (OR = 0.22, 95% CI: 0.06–0.85). Hypertriglyceridemia rate was increased with both central (OR = 2.11; p = 0.040) and general obesity (OR = 2.68; p = 0.021). After adjustment for energy intake and age, females had higher risk of general (OR = 4.57, 95% CI = 1.88–11.11) and central obesity (OR = 7.93, 95% CI = 3.48–18.08). Conclusions: Females were more susceptible to obesity. Hypertension was associated with both obesity measures. Dyslipidemia, except for hypertriglyceridemia, was correlated to neither abdominal nor general obesity. ã 2016 Diabetes India. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. 1. Introduction Obesity is correlated to some major metabolic abnormalities like hypertension [1]. It is supposed that obesity have some contributions in hypertension, dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia, and is independently associated with higher cardiovascular (CVD) risk [2–4]. Abdominal obesity is the second risk factor for myocardial infarction [5]. On the other hand, there is a mutual association between obesity and diabetes. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), the most prevalent form of diabetes, accompanies with obesity [6]. Obesity could also result in some degrees of insulin resistance which worsen the diabetes outcomes [6]. Patients with diabetes who have obesity are at increased risk for long-term vascular outcomes [7,8]. In 1999–2002, the prevalence of obesity (BMI 30 kg/m2) was 54.8% in the US T2DM patients [9]. There is a great discrepancy in the rate of obesity in diabetic population around the world. Various investigations have reported the general obesity preva- lence from 7.14% [10] to 85.5% [11]. A systematic review on observational studies demonstrated that more than 70% of Asian and more than 80% of European T2DM adults with obesity had hypertension [12]. * Corresponding author at: Health Research Institute, Diabetes Research Center, Department of Nutrition, School of Paramedicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. E-mail addresses: Raziehanari85@yahoo.com (R. Anari), amani-r@ajums.ac.ir (R. Amani), sml1381@yahoo.com (S.M. Latiﬁ), m_veissi@yahoo.com (M. Veissi), hjb_shahbazian@yahoo.com (H. Shahbazian). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsx.2016.07.004 1871-4021/ã 2016 Diabetes India. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews xxx (2016) xxx–xxx G Model DSX 622 No. of Pages 5 Please cite this article in press as: R. Anari, et al., Association of obesity with hypertension and dyslipidemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus subjects, Diab Met Syndr: Clin Res Rev (2016), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsx.2016.07.004 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews journal homepa ge: www.elsev ier.com/locate/dsx