Research Article
Adaptive Integral-Based Robust Q-S Synchronization and
Parameter Identification of Nonlinear Hyperchaotic
Complex Systems
Sami Ud Din ,
1
Muhammad Rafiq Mufti ,
2
Humaira Afzal ,
3
Majid Ali ,
1
and Muhammad Abdul Moiz Zia
4
1
Department of Electrical Engineering, NAMAL Institute Mianwali, Mianwali 42250, Pakistan
2
Department of Computer Science, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari 61100, Pakistan
3
Department of Computer Science, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
4
Department of Computer Science, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
Correspondence should be addressed to Sami Ud Din; sami.uddin@namal.edu.pk
Received 20 December 2020; Revised 24 March 2021; Accepted 8 April 2021; Published 30 April 2021
Academic Editor: Xianggui Guo
Copyright©2021SamiUdDinetal.isisanopenaccessarticledistributedundertheCreativeCommonsAttributionLicense,
which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
iscommuniquepresentstheQ-Ssynchronizationoftwononidenticalcomplexnonlinearhyperchaoticsystemswithunknown
parameters. An adaptive controller based on adaptive integral sliding mode control and parameter update laws are designed to
realize the synchronization and parameter identification to a given map vector. e aforementioned strategy’s employment
demandsthetransformationofasystemintoaspecificstructurecontaininganominalpartandsomeunknownterms(lateron,
these unknown terms will be computed adaptively). An integral sliding mode controller is used to stabilize the error system by
designing nominal control accompanied by compensator control. For chattering suppression, a continuous compensator of
smoothnatureisusedinsteadofconventionalcontrol.estabilityoftheproposedalgorithmisestablishedinanimpressiveway,
using Lyapunov criteria. A numerical simulation is performed to illustrate the validity of the proposed synchronization scheme.
1.Introduction
Synchronization is considered to be a fundamental phe-
nomenon that enables coherent behavior in the coupled
systems.Chaossynchronizationhasbeenofgreatinterestto
researchers in recent years. e hyperchaotic systems are
very sensitive towards initial conditions and possess at least
two positive Lyapunov exponents. ey have bounded
trajectories in the phase space, exhibit more complex
nonlinear behavior, and so on. Hyperchaos was first for-
malized in 1979 by Rossler [1]. Many other hyperchaotic
systemswerereportedlateron[2–4].In[5],theWien-bridge
coupled oscillator system was also indicated to be hyper-
chaotic. In 1990, Pecora and Carroll [6] introduced the
synchronization of two identical chaotic systems with dif-
ferentinitialconditions.efieldofchaoticsynchronization
flourishedextensivelyinthelasttwodecades,andmanynew
strategies are also proposed in this regard, including com-
plete synchronization [7, 8], lag synchronization [9, 10],
inverse lag synchronization [11], inverse π-lag synchroni-
zation [12], generalized synchronization [13–15], multiple
chaotic systems’ synchronization [16, 17], phase synchro-
nization [18], antisynchronization [19, 20], partial syn-
chronization [21, 22], Q-S synchronization [23, 24],
projective synchronization [25, 26], and fractional chaos
synchronization [27, 28]. In recent years, generalized syn-
chronization (GS) of chaotic systems was widely investi-
gated. e researchers in the control community are still
exploring the new dimensions of inverse generalized syn-
chronization (IGS), which is also considered an attractive
idea of this era regarding secure communication.
e sliding mode control (SMC) has attracted re-
searchers’attentioninrecentyearsduetoitsrobustresponse
to model insensitivity towards nonlinearities, ease of
Hindawi
Complexity
Volume 2021, Article ID 6678978, 17 pages
https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6678978