Health Serv Outcomes Res Method (2018) 18:109–127
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10742-018-0180-9
1 3
A bivariate Bernoulli model for analyzing malnutrition
data
Mohammad Junayed Bhuyan
1
· M. Ataharul Islam
1
· M. Shafqur Rahman
1
Received: 24 April 2017 / Revised: 2 October 2017 / Accepted: 26 February 2018 /
Published online: 1 March 2018
© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2018
Abstract Multivariate binary responses from the same subject are usually correlated. For
example, malnutrition of children are usually measured using ‘stunting’ (low height-for-
age) and ‘wasting’ (low weight-for-age) calculated from their height, weight and age, and
hence the status of being stunted may depend on the status of being wasted and vice-versa.
For analyzing such malnutrition data, one needs special statistical models allowing for
dependence between the responses to avoid misleading inference. The problem of depend-
ence in multivariate binary responses is generally addressed by using marginal models
with generalized estimating equation. However, using the marginal models alone, it is dif-
fcult to specify the measures of dependence between the responses precisely. Islam et al. (J
Appl Stat 40(5):1064–1075, 2013) proposed a joint modeling approach for bivariate binary
responses using both the conditional and marginal models where the dependence between
the responses can be measured and tested using a link function of the models. However,
the author didn’t examine the properties of the regression coefcient except for the depend-
ence parameter. This paper has given further insight into the joint model and investigated
the properties of regression coefcients using an extensive simulation study. The simu-
lation results showed that the maximum likelihood estimators (MLEs) of the regression
coefcients of the joint model showed well performance in terms of bias, mean squared
error and coverage probability particularly when sample size large. Generally speaking,
the MLEs of the parameters associated with joint models possessed the same asymptotic
properties as the MLEs of those associated with standard generalized linear models, except
for the interpretations. Further the paper provided an application of joint model for analyz-
ing malnutrition data from Bangladesh demographic and health survey 2011. The results
revealed that the estimates of the both marginal and condition regression coefcients of
the joint model have meaningful interpretation and explanation, which will in turn help the
policy makers for designing appropriate policies for improving nutrition status.
* M. Shafqur Rahman
shafq@isrt.ac.bd
1
Institute of Statistical Research and Training, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh