Citation: Sofyantoro, F.; Yudha, D.S.;
Lischer, K.; Nuringtyas, T.R.; Putri,
W.A.; Kusuma, W.A.; Purwestri, Y.A.;
Swasono, R.T. Bibliometric Analysis
of Literature in Snake Venom-Related
Research Worldwide (1933–2022).
Animals 2022, 12, 2058. https://
doi.org/10.3390/ani12162058
Academic Editor: José Martín
Received: 6 July 2022
Accepted: 9 August 2022
Published: 12 August 2022
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animals
Article
Bibliometric Analysis of Literature in Snake Venom-Related
Research Worldwide (1933–2022)
Fajar Sofyantoro
1
, Donan Satria Yudha
1
, Kenny Lischer
2
, Tri Rini Nuringtyas
1,3
, Wahyu Aristyaning Putri
1
,
Wisnu Ananta Kusuma
4
, Yekti Asih Purwestri
1,3
and Respati Tri Swasono
5,
*
1
Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
2
Faculty of Engineering, University of Indonesia, Jakarta 16424, Indonesia
3
Research Center for Biotechnology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
4
Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IPB University,
Bogor 16680, Indonesia
5
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada,
Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
* Correspondence: respati@ugm.ac.id
Simple Summary: Around the world, snake envenomation poses a serious health risk. Proteins
with pharmacological effects are present in snake venom. Recent studies elaborate snake venom and
its potential application, including as a cancer drug and antibacterial substances. Our study aimed
to analyze the global profile of the literature in snake venom research from documents indexed in
the Scopus database between 1933 and 2022. In total, 2999 documents were published with Brazil
showing the highest productivity. Antivenom, proteomics, and transcriptomics are emerging as hot
topics on a global scale. The present study offers a distinctive overview of snake venom research
conducted worldwide.
Abstract: Snake envenomation is a severe economic and health concern affecting countries world-
wide. Snake venom carries a wide variety of small peptides and proteins with various immunological
and pharmacological properties. A few key research areas related to snake venom, including its
applications in treating cancer and eradicating antibiotic-resistant bacteria, have been gaining sig-
nificant attention in recent years. The goal of the current study was to analyze the global profile of
literature in snake venom research. This study presents a bibliometric review of snake venom-related
research documents indexed in the Scopus database between 1933 and 2022. The overall number of
documents published on a global scale was 2999, with an average annual production of 34 documents.
Brazil produced the highest number of documents (n = 729), followed by the United States (n = 548),
Australia (n = 240), and Costa Rica (n = 235). Since 1963, the number of publications has been steadily
increasing globally. At a worldwide level, antivenom, proteomics, and transcriptomics are growing
hot issues for research in this field. The current research provides a unique overview of snake venom
research at global level from 1933 through 2022, and it may be beneficial in guiding future research.
Keywords: snake venom; bibliometry; VOSviewer
1. Introduction
Venom glands are considered a unique morphological and physiological adaptation
developed by animals during evolution to increase the efficacy of capturing prey and as
part of a defense system against predators [1–5]. A growing body of research attempting to
dissect the composition and possible application of animal venoms has been accumulating
for decades [6–9]. In particular, snake venoms, consisting of various types of proteins and
small peptide cocktails, have been gaining significant attention as novel sources of drug
discovery in recent years [10–12]. The main reason for understanding the compositions
of snake venom is that snake bites are considered serious health and economic problems
Animals 2022, 12, 2058. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12162058 https://www.mdpi.com/journal/animals