IJSRD - International Journal for Scientific Research & Development| Vol. 3, Issue 11, 2016 | ISSN (online): 2321-0613 All rights reserved by www.ijsrd.com 879 A Technical Review - Experimental investigation on performance and emissions of Mahua biodiesel in CI engine employing EGR (Exhaust Gas Recirculation) Vishnubhai Prajapati 1 Prof. Praful V. Jotaniya 2 Vijay Pithiya 3 Prof. Pushpak C. Sheth 4 1,3 Student 2,4 Assistant Professor 1,2,3,4 Department of Mechanical Engineering 1,2,3,4 L D College of engineering, Ahmedabad Abstract— Trans-esterified Mahua oil, also called Mahua bio-diesel is best replacement for diesel fuel in diesel engine due to several reasons. Mahua Bio-diesel is a renewable, inexhaustible and a clean burning fuel. It can be used in diesel engine without modification. It has no aromatic, no- sulfur and contains 10-12% oxygen by weight. The purpose of this study is to summarise the effect of blend of Mahua oil methyl ester and cooled EGR in order to reduce pollutant from diesel engine emission of NOx, CO, HC. To study various performance parameters such as brake thermal efficiency (BTE), BSFC, Exhaust Gas Temperature (EGT). Key words: Mahua oil, EGR, NOx emission I. INTRODUCTION Due to recent energy crises and dwindling reserves of crude oil the demand for alternate liquid fuels particularly the diesel is increasing. Bio-fuels are being given serious consideration as potential sources of energy in the future, particularly in developing countries like India. A. Mahua oil Mahua oil (Madhuca Indica) is one of the forest based tree- borne non-edible oils with large production potential of about 60 million tons per annum in India. The tree, its seed and flowers had been very useful in Indian economy for a long time. It is rich in sugar (73 %) and next to cane molasses; it constitutes the most important raw material for alcohol fermentation. The yield of alcohol is 405 liters from one ton of dried flower. The kernel of the Mahua fruit contains about 50% oil. The expelled cake is relevant to recover the residual oil. Fresh oil is yellow in colour, while commercial oil is generally greenish. As this tree grows mainly in forest area and also in waste and fallow land, its cultivation would not produce any impact on food production. Fig. 1: Mahua Tree Fig. 2: Mahua Fruit Fig. 3: Mahua Seeds Fig. 4: Mahua Oil Fuel properties Mahua Oil Mahua Biodiesel Diesel Specific gravity 960 880 850 Flash point (ºC) 232 208 68 Calorific value (MJ/kg) 36 37 42 Viscosity cSt @ 40 ºC 24.58 3.98 2.6 Auto ignition temperature(ºC) - - 316 Boiling point(ºC) - - 188- 343 Carbon residue 3.70 0.20 0.70 Table.1: Properties of Mahua oil, Mahua biodiesel and Diesel B. Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) Instead of using after treatment systems to comply with exhaust emission legislation, it is also possible to avoid the formation of emissions during the combustion. The raw emissions are reduced and thus no after treatment is needed. It is common practice nowadays, to use EGR to reduce the formation of N Ox emissions. A portion of the exhaust gases is recirculated into the combustion chambers. This can be achieved either internally with the proper valve timing, or externally with some kind of piping. [9] Fig. 5: EGR system schematic [9]