Loss of heterozygosity of chromosome 13q33-34 region and molecular analysis of ING1 and p53 genes in bladder carcinoma Mehri Igci • Ahmet Arslan • Sakip Erturhan • Yusuf Ziya Igci • Elif Pala • Bulent Gogebakan • Metin Karakok • Ecir Ali Cakmak • Beyhan Cengiz Received: 9 September 2013 / Accepted: 10 October 2014 / Published online: 17 October 2014 Ó Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2014 Abstract Cancer is a consequence of accumulation of genetic and epigenetic alterations in the cell which can lead to activation of oncogenes or inactivation of tumor sup- pressor genes (TSG). Since members of ING family were discovered as TSGs in different cancer types, it was aimed to analyze the chromosome 13q33-34 region, ING1 and p53 genes in bladder cancer. 30 paired normal and tumor tissues were investigated in terms of microdeletion of chromosome 13q33-34 region, ING1 expression and mutation status of ING1 and p53 genes. Because there is no data available about the transcription factors which bind to ING1 promoter, the promoter sequence was analyzed via Genomatix-MatInspector and TFSEARCH softwares. Used DS markers were D13S285, D13S1315, D13S796, D13S278, D13S158, and D13S779 where loss of heterozygosity (LOH) results were as 23.3, 20, 6.7, 3.3, 6.7, and 0 %, respectively. The highest LOH scores were obtained with markers D13S285 and D13S1315 which are flanking the ING1. Seven of 30 cases showed alteration in expression (p [ 0.05). However, no mutation was detected in the exons of ING1. One patient showed a two-nucleotide deletion in p53 gene. However no significant TSG activity of ING1 was observed while higher activity was reported in different cancer types. As for the LOH data 13q33-34 region may contain different candidate TSGs like COL4A1, COL4A2 and SOX1. As a result of computa- tional promoter analysis, some factors like ABL, E2F, HIF1, SOX, P53, BPTF, NRSF, c-Rel and c-ETS were associated with the promoter region. Molecular analysis of ING1 promoter warrants further analysis. Keywords 13q33-34 Á Bladder cancer Á ING1 expression Á Loss of heterozygosity Á Mutation Á Tumor suppressor genes Introduction Bladder cancer is one of the most common human malig- nancies. In Turkey, bladder cancer is the third of the most common cancer types, accounting for 8.2 % of all cancers [1] and the fourth most common male cancer in America [2]. Cancers are genetic diseases that are a consequence of alterations in the structure, expression, and function of tumor supressor genes [3]. Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) leading to inhibition of TSGs has been known to be one of the contributing mechanisms of tumor progression. In accordance with Knudson’s two-hit hypothesis; for the nonhereditary cases, cells must experience two M. Igci (&) Á A. Arslan Á Y. Z. Igci Á E. Pala Á E. A. Cakmak Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Gaziantep, 27310 Gaziantep, Turkey e-mail: mehriigci@gmail.com; mehriigci@gantep.edu.tr S. Erturhan Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Gaziantep, 27310 Gaziantep, Turkey B. Gogebakan Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey M. Karakok Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Gaziantep, 27310 Gaziantep, Turkey B. Cengiz Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Gaziantep, 27310 Gaziantep, Turkey 123 Mol Biol Rep (2015) 42:507–516 DOI 10.1007/s11033-014-3794-1