Semi-Autonomous Vehicle
Aadesh S. Tawte
1
, Tanmay N. Shindolkar
2
, Deep P. Maru
3
, Prof. Swati H. Shinde
4
123
Students, Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, K. J. Somaiya Institute of
Engineering and Information Technology, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
4
Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, K. J. Somaiya Institute of
Engineering and Information Technology, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
I. INTRODUCTION
In the recent years, there has been a major attention of
research for autonomous vehicles in automotive
engineering. One of the enormous technical challenges of
autonomous vehicles is designing of dynamic path tracking,
as a key component of the control system. The number of
severe road accidents are increasing every year from 347
in 2020 to 389 in 2021. As a concern there is a need to
automate the vehicle industry. The control method of
trending autonomous vehicles which are based upon
steering angle results in inaccurate tracking with respect to
position onto the desired path, because as a vehicle moves
in real-time, the steering wheel direction changes as per
the way. Autonomous vehicle defines itself as a vehicle
having extraordinary features that allows it to steer, brake
and, accelerate with limited or no driver interaction. There
are mainly two types of autonomous vehicles: semi-
autonomous and fully-autonomous. Semi-autonomous cars
are able to accelerate, brake and steer, and keep the
distance from the car in front and also keep the lane at the
speed of up to 130 km/h, but the need of driver is still
required and is still in full command. Without any driver
interaction, a fully autonomous vehicle is able to drive from
one point to another. Recent research has proposed to
construct the intelligent transportation systems, variable
smarter suspensions, steering systems, torque distribution,
steering by wire, and vehicle dynamic modelling
improvement on designing more safer and intelligent
vehicles. Varieties of studies are conducted about social
impacts, regulations, human machine interfaces, and
implementation methods of autonomous. The objective of
Semi-Autonomous vehicle is to allow an algorithm to
detect or learn various parts of a car such as wheels or
other components of a car, objects/persons present around
the self-automated car and as it has been exposed to much
inputs, connections that has begun to develop to the
endmost outputs and the steps to be provoked in the car in
response.
II. LITERATURE SURVEY
Talking about autonomous vehicles (AVs) is a topic that
has been discussed for several decades, but in the last
decade the advances in computation, sensors and other
hardware have allowed the development of this type of
technology to be more real. All over the world, the
evolution of self-automated vehicles has been observed, in
cities such as Munich, Beijing, Paris, London, Boston,
Singapore, San Francisco, Pheonix and New york, in
companies such as Waymo, NuTonomy, Uber, Lift, Aurora,
VW, BMW and others, just to mention a few. Driverless cars
today sense their surroundings using radar, GPS, and
computer vision, which could have an excellent margin for
error, and the sensory information needs to be processed
to navigate in pathways.
A. Levels of Automation
The Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) stablished that
there are six levels of vehicle autonomy:
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 09 Issue: 04 | Apr 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
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2. Level 1 (Driver Assistance): The human driver has full
control, but the vehicle helps with one or more driving
functions, e.g., electronic stability control (ESC) and
assisted braking.
3. Level 2 (Partial Automation): The human driver has
primary control over the vehicle, but the vehicle can take
1. Level 0 (No Automation): The driver has full control and
always performs all driving functions.
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Abstract - In the fashionable era, the vehicles are centre
to be automated to grant human driver relaxed driving
within the numerous aspects are thought of that makes a
vehicle machine-driven. Google, the most important network
has started working on the self-driving cars since 2010 and
still developing new changes to grant an entire new level to
the automated vehicles. The major causes of accidents on the
national highways are due to vehicle design and condition,
speeding, driving on the wrong side, road engineering, use of
mobile phones, jumping the red lights, etc. The need of semi-
autonomous vehicle is important which is significantly
automated and thereby reduces the death ratio due to
accidents.
Keywords – Raspberry Pi, Arduino UNO, Open Computer
Vision, Machine Learning, Image Processing, Autonomous
Vehicle.