IFAC PapersOnLine 51-11 (2018) 544–551
ScienceDirect
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com
2405-8963 © 2018, IFAC (International Federation of Automatic Control) Hosting by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Peer review under responsibility of International Federation of Automatic Control.
10.1016/j.ifacol.2018.08.375
© 2018, IFAC (International Federation of Automatic Control) Hosting by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
1. INTRODUCTION
The topic of Performance Measurement and Management has
been investigated for more than twenty five years leading to
more than thirty five methods around the world, developed
either by researchers or more pragmatically by practitioners,
in order to define and implement indicators. Most of these
methods are dedicated to the Performance Indicator (PI)
definition and few of them are for the implementation. All
these methods have been developed independently based on
system theory, production management theory or accounting
methods, according to the background of developers. Among
all these methods, more or less used and well known, one can
cite the famous ones or the most used or disseminated around
the world as Balanced Score Card [1], the Performance Prism
[2], ECOGRAI [3], IPMS [4], Medori [5] or DPMS [6].
Several studies were performed to compare methods for
Performance Measurement Systems (PMS) from several
points of views. For instance, [7] classifies these methods
according to three categories: financial, goal centred and
behavioural, concluding that each one has its own advantages
to obtain a consistent PIS. In [8] seventeen definitions of
what a Business Process Measurement System is, are
analysed through methods available or theoretical articles.
This analysis was made on the main features of a PIS, on its
role in an organisation and on the process of use it. The main
conclusions are that a Performance Indicator System (PIS)
must be multi-dimensional (financial and non-financial),
must include strategic objectives, performance targets and
supporting infrastructure. [9] uses systematic review to
analyse few methods in order to detect why some of them are
more useful to manage organisations through measure, i.e. to
obtain an efficient PIS. The most important aspect is that a
method for PIS must help to the definition of detailed action
plans extracted from measures, to measure progress, to have a
vision (a perspective as a strategic map) and to have cause
and effect relationships (links between indicators).
In conclusion of these studies, it is noticeable that several
recurrent points exist in each method such as a
methodological approach to build the PIS, some basic
concepts to define performance indicators as objectives,
action means, etc. However, each of them has also some
lacks in order to obtain an efficient PIS, easy to build and
easy to use for decision makers. So, the conclusion is that
each method, even the most famous ones, can be improved
based on qualities of other ones.
So, The objective of this paper is to go further not only in the
comparison of methods but also in the definition of a generic
framework that could help to define what should contain a
method to define and implement Performance Indicator
System. The objective is not to define a new method by itself
but to build the base for the future combination of methods to
collect, and to manage in order to use at the best the
enterprise knowledge required to build an efficient PIS.
So, in a first part, the paper will explain the difference
between a method and a framework and why it is obvious to
start from GERAM framework to perform this work. In a
second part, a complementary analysis will be presented,
highlighting what are the concepts and the components
required for a method for PIS design and implementation. In
a third time the paper will present GERAM framework
developed by IFAP/IFIP taskforce. In a fourth time, GERAM
is adapted to the domain of PIS and the base for the
framework for PIS methods is presented. Then, perspectives
for future works are proposed.
Keywords: Performance indicators method, GERAM, Framework
*univ.bordeaux, CNRS, UMR 5218, Talence, France
(e-mail: prenom.nom@u-bordeaux.fr}
Abstract: The topic of Performance Measurement and Management has been investigated for more than
twenty five years leading to more than thirty methods around the world, developed either by researchers
or more pragmatically by practitioners, in order to define and implement indicators. Most of them are
more oriented for the definition and few for the implementation. Other are simply a list of recommended
PI’s. Several studies have been done to compare some of these methods and to explain the reasons of PI’s
implementation failures. The objectives of this paper is to go deeper in detail in the comparison and in a
second time to define a generic framework that could help to detect what should contain a generic
method for Performance Indicator System definition and implementation and what is the knowledge that
must be included in this kind of method to be more efficient.
M. Ravelomanantsoa*. Y. Ducq*, B. Vallespir*
State of the art and generic framework for performance indicator system
methods