Biomedicine: 2022; 42(1): 28-32 January - February 2022 DOI: https://doi.org/10.51248/.v42i1.959 Biomedicine- Vol. 42 No. 1: 2022 Original article Morphometric analysis and types of articular facets on human dry tali and calcanei of North Indian origin Shavi Garg 1 , Usha Verma 2 , Arpita Suri 3 , Kirandeep Kaur Aulakh 1 , Prachi Saffar Aneja 1 , Nimarpreet Kaur 4 1 Department of Anatomy (FMHS), 3 Department of Biochemistry (FMHS), 4 Deptt of Physiology, SGT University, Budhera (Gurugram), Haryana, India 2 Department of Anatomy, PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana, India (Received: August 2021 Revised: January 2022 Accepted: January 2022) Corresponding author: Shavi Garg. Email: shavigarg6@gmail.com ABSTRACT Introduction and Aim: The morphometry of talus and calcaneum and the pattern of articular facets on their surface is influenced by heredity, race, lifestyle, and environment. The variations discussed in this study will be of great use to orthopedic surgeons, sports therapist, and radiologists to diagnose the pathology and accordingly plan the treatment procedures. The aim of this study is to study the type of articular facets on talus and calcaneum along with their morphometry. This study will help clinicians in designing artificial foot for implant surgeries and will be useful to forensic ethnologists. Materials and Methods: The study was done on dry human calcanei and tali procured from the Anatomy Department of SGT University, Budhera. There were 60 calcanei (30 left and 30 right) and 50 tali (24 left and 26 right) in number. The tali and calcanei were looked for number and type of articular facets on their surface. The dimensions of tali and calcanei were measured using digital vernier caliper. The data was collected and analysed. Results: The most common type of articular facet on tali and calcanei in the North Indian population studied was type B. Left and right tali showed the length (anterior to posterior) and width to be: 51.14 mm and 37.9 mm, respectively. The measurements on sulcus tali (left and right) included its transverse width, anteroposterior length and maximum depth and these were found to be: 6.75mm, 18.7 mm and 5.05±0.33mm, and 7.13 mm, 18.21 mm and 5.44mm, respectively. Left and right calcaneii showed the length (anterior to posterior) and width to be: 70.61 mm and 40.1mm, and 71.02 mm and 41.48mm, respectively. The measurements on sulcus calcanei (left and right) included its transverse width, anteroposterior length and maximum depth and were found to be: 6.08 mm, 46.52 mm and 3.78 mm and 5.34 mm, 45.91 mm and 3.81 mm. Conclusion: Orthopaedicians will get immense help from our study in diagnosing and planning the subtalar implants for damaged foot. Keywords: Talus; calcaneum; articular facets; pattern; variations. INTRODUCTION rticular facets of different types are formed on human tali and calcanei depending upon the gait and weight bearing habits (1). Their relation is important in various orthopedic procedures and anthropometry (2). These facets play a significant role in biokinetics of foot and ankle. The largest tarsal bone, calcaneus, bear the daily stresses of weight-bearing owing to its design (3,4). Calcaneus is one of the key bones in deciding line of treatment in case of major injuries hence its morphometry and facet types need to be studied in detail. The calcaneus has three superior and one anterior articulating surface. The talus articulates with all the three facets of calcaneum on superior surface. The calcaneal sulcus seperates the anterior and middle facets from the facet found posteriorly. The sustenaculum tali support the middle facet of the calcaneum. Both the middle facets of calcaneum and talus articulate with each other (5). These facets vary with sex and race (6). The anterior, middle and posterior subtalar facets function as a unit and any fracture disrupting their alignment leads to intra-articular fracture. The relationship between facets and its accurate 3- dimensional structural reformation is very important for proper functioning (7). The tarsus forms the ankle joint part and acts as a bridge between the leg and the foot. Though the talus transmits the body's entire weight from the lower legs to the foot (2), there are no muscular attachments on the talus in humans. As talus takes part in the articulation of ankle, A 28