Muhammad AKOB, Munawar YANTAHIN, Gunawan Bata ILYAS, Yusriadi HALA, Aditya Halim Perdana Kusuma PUTRA /
Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business Vol 8 No 1 (2021) 419–430 419 419
Print ISSN: 2288-4637 / Online ISSN 2288-4645
doi:10.13106/jafeb.2021.vol8.no1.419
Element of Marketing: SERVQUAL Toward Patient Loyalty
in the Private Hospital Sector
Muhammad AKOB
1
, Munawar YANTAHIN
2
, Gunawan Bata ILYAS
3
, Yusriadi HALA
4
,
Aditya Halim Perdana Kusuma PUTRA
5
Received: September 30, 2020 Revised: November 22, 2020 Accepted: December 05, 2020
Abstract
The study aims to analyze the factors that shape patient loyalty, namely, by involving the service quality factor (SERVQUAL), hospital image,
patient value, and patient satisfaction in private hospitals. This study was conducted in Makassar City, Indonesia, with a sample of 296 eligible
samples from private hospitals. The sample criteria were patients with outpatient and hospitalization status. Then, this study developed 23
hypotheses to test the statistical relationship between direct, intervening and multiple-effect models. Problem-solving and research focus
are carried out using a quantitative method approach with a PLS-SEM-based testing tool. The bootstrapping method is being used with the
constant bootstrapping step to demonstrate the results of hypothesis testing; we find that the overall hypothesis has a positive and significant
effect. The combination of testing models involving several variables shows that a patient’s loyalty can be formed if a patient’s satisfaction has
been realized. Satisfaction can be realized if the value-customer has been felt by the patients. Therefore, the hospital image must be directly
proportional to service quality. Service quality is the essence of service that directly affects customers; service quality is also the reason that
shapes consumer perceptions in increasing rationalization and solid customer (patient’s) decision-making.
Keywords: SERVQUAL, Hospital Image, Patients Loyalty, Patients Value, Patients Satisfaction
JEL Classification Code: M0, M30, M11, I1
hope that people can reach and enjoy quality, fair and equitable
health services is an ideal that any country has been striving for,
including Indonesia. Therefore, to realize these ideals, various
health development efforts have been carried out, are being
carried out, or are planned as strategic steps to learn meaningful
changes in increased health status and health services to the
community. Particularly in Indonesia, the government’s efforts
to improve health status and improve services have become
a focus. It is still a big job since forty-two years ago, because
quality, fair, and equitable health services are still far from
people’s expectations (Shieh, Wu, & Huang, 2010; Andriani,
2017). Therefore, it takes serious efforts to achieve lofty goals
in the health sector. There are three fundamental factors why it
is difficult to achieve fair and equitable quality health services
in Indonesia: first, limited resources; second, government
policies regarding health are still decentralized; and third, the
high level of public awareness of the importance of quality
health services is not directly proportional to the government’s
ability to deal with bureaucratic problems and hospitals’
health services. (Handayani, Hidayanto, Sandhyaduhita, &
Ayuningtyas, 2015; Perwitasari, Abror, & Wahyuningsih,
2010; Dewanto & Wardhani, 2018).
1
First Author and Corresponding Author. Postgraduate Management
Program, STIEM Bongaya, Indonesia [Postal Address: Jl. Let. Jend.
Mappaoddang No.28, Kota Makassar, Sulawesi Selatan 90131,
Indonesia] Email: akob.kadir@gmail.com
2
Associate Professor, Department of Management, Universitas
Bosowa, Makassar, Indonesia
3
Assistant Professor, Department of Management, STIE Amkop,
Makassar, Indonesia
4
Assistant Professor, Department of Accounting, STIEM Bongaya,
Makassar, Indonesia
5
Assistant Professor, Department of Management, Faculty of
Economic & Business, Universitas Muslim Indonesia, Makassar,
Indonesia
© Copyright: The Author(s)
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution
Non-Commercial License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits
unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the
original work is properly cited.
1. Introduction
In essence, the goal of health development in the world
and Indonesia is to realize that the nation’s entire population
is healthy and free from various diseases (Woo, 2017). Even
though contracting disease in the future is a natural factor, the