DOI: https://doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs22161414 ORIGINAL ARTICLE 414 P J M H S Vol. 16, No.01, JAN 2022 Effects of Glycemic index on Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) in Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus MUHAMMAD ISHAQUE BHATTI 1 , ALI RAZA MEMON 2 , SINDHU RANI 3 , HINA RIAZ 4 , SADAT MEMON 5 , KEENJHAR RANI 6 1 Resident Biochemistry Department Liaquat University of Medical & Health Sciences, Jamshoro 2 Assistant Professor Biochemistry Department Liaquat University of Medical & Health Sciences, Jamshoro 3 Research Associate Medical Research Centre Liaquat University of Medical & Health Sciences, Jamshoro 4 Assistant Professor, Department of Physiology/ Medical Research Centre Liaquat University of Medical & Health Sciences, Jamshoro 5 Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacology Liaquat University of Medical & Health Sciences, Jamshoro 6 Assistant Professor, Department of Physiology Liaquat University of Medical & Health Sciences, Jamshoro Corresponding author: Ali Raza Memon, Email: raza.memon@lumhs.edu.pk. ABSTRACT Background: Diabetes Mellitus is one of the alarming health hazardous indicator and with poor glycemic control it will be dangerous for human health because more prone to development of different systemic & vascular complications. G6PD is one of the carbohydrate metabolic enzyme which prevent from oxidative stress and development of free radicals. Objective: The purpose of this research to evaluate the level of G6PD in patients of type-2 diabetes mellitus with their different levels of glycemic control index. Methodology: This study was done at Department of Biochemistry LUMHS with collaboration of Diabetic clinic LUMHS and Diagnostic & Research Laboratory LUMHS Jamshoro. Total 100 diagnosed cases of type-2 diabetes were selected and divided into three groups with different categories of glycemic control index. The HbA1c% was measured by Bio Red Variant while G6PD was measured by standard G6PD quantitative measurement method at Diagnostic laboratory LUMHS using assay kit (SD Biosensor, Inc. Republic of Korea). Results: The G6PD significantly (p < 0.05) decline in diabetic patients with poor glycemic control having mean values of HbA1c% between 11-13%. Conclusion: This research study concluded that there is significant decline in G6PD in patients of diabetes mellitus with poor glycemic control. Estimation G6PD also can use as screening test in diabetic population to determine their genetic involvement. Keywords: Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus, HbA1c%, G6PD INTRODUCTION Hexose Monophosphate (HMP) shunt is the pathway of carbohydrate metabolism which produce NADPH compound by the action of Glucose -6- Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) which is highly redox potential against free radicals injury. NAD + compound reduce and covert into NADPH when G6PD enzyme oxidizing Glucose- 6-Phosphate. 1,2 This reduction of NAD to NADPH is beneficial for the tissues like liver, mammary glands, adipose tissues and adrenal gland where biosynthesis of fatty acids and isoprenoid compound has been occur. 3,4 Basically G6PD is regulatory enzyme of HMP shunt and plays important role against oxidative stress and free radical injury. 5 Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus is also one of the leading clinical misadventures which develop oxidative stress and production of free radicals at different tissues and cause serious macro & micro vascular complications like diabetic neuropathy, nephropathy, angina, myocardial infarction, diabetic retinopathy, diabetic cataract etc. 6,7,8 The increase amount of NAD + can take part in synthesis of saturated fatty acids which may accumulate in the tunica of blood vessels and lead to life hazardous vascular complications discussed earlier. 9 So G6PD convert large amount of NAD + to its reduce form NADPH to prevent these atherosclerotic complications in diabetic population. 10 The normal reference range of G6PD in blood is10.15–14.71 U/g Hb for neonates and 6.75–11.95 U/g Hb for adults. 11 In this study we estimate the G6PD levels at different glycemic index in diabetic patients.More than 400 millions population of world suffered from the deficiency of G6PD. This study aims to conduct the research to estimate the level of G6PD at different levels of type-2 diabetes with their glycemic control index. METHODOLOGY This case comparative study was done at the Department of Biochemistry Liaquat University of Medical & Health Sciences Jamshoro with collaboration of Diabetic Clinic LUMHS & Diagnostic & Research Laboratory of LUMHS. Total 100 diagnosed cases of type-2 diabetes mellitus were selected for this study with their own consent. The sampling was done on Non-Probability type of sampling. These all subjects were divided in to three groups as group A contained 35, group B contained 33, group C contained 32 diagnosed cases of type-2 diabetes.Group A recruited those diabetic patients which HbA1c% level between 7 – 9 %, in group B recruited those diabetic patients which hbA1c% levels between 9-11% while group C recruited those diabetic had HbA1c% between 11-13% means poor glycemic control. The diagnosed cases of type -2 diabetes mellitus between age 40 to 50 years male & females were included while known case of type-I diabetes, cases of type-2 diabetes having age less than 40 years or morethan 50 years, type-2 diabetic patients on insulin therapy, history of cardiac diseases, history of chronic inflammatory systemic disease cases of pulmonary tuberculosis, rheumatoid arthritis were excluded from this study. The HbA1c% was measured by Bio Red Variant while G6PD was measured by standard G6PD quantitative measurement method at Diagnostic laboratory LUMHS