Journal of Medicinal Plants Research Vol. 5(30), pp. 6615-6621, 16 December, 2011
Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/JMPR
ISSN 1996-0875 ©2011 Academic Journals
DOI: 10.5897/JMPR11.160
Full Length Research Paper
Vegetative propagation of Warburgia ugandensis
Sprague: An important medicinal tree species in
eastern Africa
F. Akwatulira
1
, S. Gwali
2
*, P. Ssegawa
3
, J. B. L. Okullo
1
, S. B. Tumwebaze
1
, J. R. Mbwambo
4
and A. Muchugi
5
1
School of Forestry, Environment and Geographical Sciences, Makerere University, P. O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda.
2
National Forestry Resources Research Institute (NaFORRI), P. O. Box 1752, Kampala, Uganda.
3
School of Biological Sciences, Makerere University, P. O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda.
4
Lushoto Forestry Research Station, Tanzania Forestry Research Institute (TAFORI), P. O. Box 95, Lushoto, Tanzania.
5
Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Kenyatta University, P. O. Box 43844-00100,
Nairobi, Kenya.
Accepted 18 October, 2011
Warburgia ugandensis is an important medicinal tree species whose bark is widely harvested for its
valuable anti-bacterial and anti-fungal properties. Consequently, this tree species is considered
threatened. Therefore, this species is ranked as one of the priority species for management and
conservation. This study investigated an appropriate technique for propagation of W. ugandensis using
stem cuttings. Three types of stem cutting (hardwood, semi-hardwood and softwood) were obtained
from Mabira Forest Reserve, Uganda and propagated in a factorial experiment using non-misting
tunnels. Data on callusing root and shoot formation, number and length of roots and shoots were
collected over a period of 93 days. Data manipulation was done by employing general linear model
analysis of variance and Chi - square tests. There was significant variation (p < 0.05) in callus
formation, root and shoot development, number and length of roots and shoots for different stem
cutting types. The highest percentage of callusing, rooting and shoot regeneration (46, 49 and 57%) was
recorded in softwood cuttings which also produced the highest number and longest roots and shoots.
Successful propagation of W. ugandensis can therefore be appropriately achieved through softwood
stem cuttings rather than either hardwood or semi-hardwood cuttings.
Key words: Warburgia ugandensis, vegetative propagation, Mabira forest reserve, Canellaceae.
INTRODUCTION
Warburgia ugandensis Sprague (Canellaceae) is a
luxurious canopy level tree species of east Africa’s semi -
deciduous and moist natural forests. The tree is useful for
timber for building and furniture, anti-fungal and anti-
bacterial medicine (bark, roots, young twigs), mulch,
green manure, shade, ornamental, resin and food
*Corresponding author. E-mail: gwalis@yahoo.co.uk.
seasoning (Mbuya et al., 1994; Katende et al., 1995). The
leaves and seeds are used to add flavor to curries and for
livestock fodder while the fruits are edible with a hot
peppery taste (ICRAF, 2009). Other products from this
tree include soap, toothbrushes, veterinary medicine,
insecticide, firewood and charcoal (Maundu and
Tengnas, 2005). The wood has high oil content and
burns well with an incense-like smell while the gum/resin
is used locally as glue to fix tool handles (Katende et al.,
1995).