EVALUATION OF STIMULUS INTENSITY FADING ON REDUCTION
OF RAPID EATING IN A CHILD WITH AUTISM
AMBER L. VALENTINO,LINDA A. LEBLANC
TRUMPET BEHAVIORAL HEALTH
AND
PAIGE B. RAETZ
SOUTHWEST AUTISM RESEARCH AND RESOURCE CENTER
This study assessed the effects of a vibrating pager on reduction of rapid eating. The study also
evaluated two strategies for fading the pager, by intensity and by frequency. The pager was suc-
cessful in decreasing the pace of eating to an appropriate level and the pager prompt was success-
fully faded. Fading by frequency was ineffective in maintaining an appropriate pace of eating
while intensity fading was successful.
Key words: autism, pager prompts, rapid eating, stimulus intensity fading
Vibrating pagers have been used to success-
fully prompt individuals with autism to engage
in socially significant behaviors such as social
initiations (Shabani et al., 2002), language ini-
tiation (Taylor & Levin, 1998), and to seek
assistance when lost (Taylor, Hughes, Richard,
Hoch, & Rodriquez-Coello, 2004). Recently,
Anglesea, Hoch, and Taylor (2008) successfully
used a vibrating pager to slow the pace of food
consumption for three adolescents with autism
who had a history of rapid eating. Pager
prompts may be considered less intrusive and
stigmatizing than traditional prompts (such as
physical guidance by an instructor) because
they can be discretely administered without an
instructor in close proximity.
Strategies for effectively fading pager
prompts have not yet been developed in the
research literature. As an example, Taylor and
Levin (1998) evaluated whether a remote
activated vibrating pager could be used to
increase the social initiations of a child with
autism. The pager prompt was effective in
establishing the social initiation repertoire, but
there were no attempts to fade the prompts.
Shabani et al. (2002) replicated the beneficial
effects of pager prompts for teaching social ini-
tiations and attempted to fade the prompts by
altering the schedule of prompt delivery
(i.e., prompting less frequently). This fading
strategy was ineffective—social initiations and
responses did not maintain at the desired level
once the pager was removed. It is possible that
fading by frequency is ineffective because it is
difficult to transfer stimulus control from the
tactile prompt to no prompt. Fading by inten-
sity may prove more effective because features
of the antecedent stimulus (i.e., the vibration)
can be altered more gradually with intensity
and without any abrupt transfer.
The current study replicated the procedures
used by Anglesea et al. (2008) to slow the pace
of food consumption with two extensions. The
first extension was to examine whether the
pager prompt could be successfully faded by
altering the intensity of the vibration. The sec-
ond was to compare the effects of fading by
We thank Garth Girman, Leo Maxwell, and General
Dynamics for their assistance. Paige Raetz is now with
Southwest Autism Research and Resource Center. Linda
LeBlanc is now with LeBlanc Behavioral Consulting.
Address correspondence to Amber Valentino, TBH,
6475 Sierra Lane, Dublin, CA 94568.
E-mail: avalentino@tbh.com
doi: 10.1002/jaba.433
JOURNAL OF APPLIED BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS 2018, 51, 177–182 NUMBER 1(WINTER)
© 2018 Society for the Experimental Analysis of Behavior
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