International Journal of Medical Science and Public Health 1514 2017 | Vol 6 | Issue 10 International Journal of Medical Science and Public Health 1514 2017 | Vol 6 | Issue 10
Obesity and comorbid conditions: An urban population-based cross-
sectional study in Northwest India
Renu Rani
1
, Rajiv Kumar Gupta
2
, Parveen Singh
2
, Rashmi Kumari
2
, Harsh K Sharma
1
, Riya Gupta
3
1
Medical Officer, J&K Health Services, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India,
2
Department of Community Medicine, Government Medical
College, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India,
3
Acharya Shri Chander College of Medical Sciences and Hospital, Sidhra, Jammu, J&K, India
Correspondence to: Rajiv Kumar Gupta, E-mail: rajivguptagmc@rediffmail.com
Received: July 21, 2017; Accepted: August 08, 2017
INTRODUCTION
The past century witnessed a tremendous progress in the field
of science and technology. This resulted in making the life a
lot easier for the people worldwide along with the emergence
of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) epidemic in the form
of cardiovascular disorders, hypertension, osteoarthritis, and
obesity among others.
[1]
NCDs are emerging as a major health
challenge in South Asians, which encompass residents of
India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bhutan, and
Maldives, constituting 24% of the world’s population.
[2]
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Website: http://www.ijmsph.com Quick Response code
DOI: 10.5455/ijmsph.2017.000718108082017001
Obesity was recognized as a major health problem in 1998.
[3]
Obesity, which made its presence felt first in the Northern
Hemisphere, has now taken a pandemic look affecting
practically almost all the countries of the globe. Obesity
is not just limited to urban and affluent society but also
affects the rural places and persons belonging to the lower
socioeconomic strata. Body mass index (BMI) has been one
of the easiest ways to determine the transition of a person
from normal weight to obesity. It is simple to calculate, and
it categorizes a person as underweight, normal, overweight,
and obese with its stages.
[4]
Overweight and obesity substantially increase the risk
of premature morbidity and mortality due to excess
body fat accumulation which affects individuals health
negatively.
[5]
Obesity contributes to numerous and varied
comorbid conditions. Complications can occur in many
organ systems, ranging from cardiovascular to respiratory
Background: Obesity of late has become a challenge for public health planners both in developing as well as the
developed nations. Obesity has assumed pandemic proportions worldwide. Objectives: (1) To determine the prevalence
of obesity in urban adults aged 30 years and above. (2) To find the common comorbid conditions associated with obesity.
Material and Methods: Using systematic random sampling, the current cross-sectional study was conducted among
urban adults ≥ 30 years of age using a pre-designed, pre-tested, and pre-structured questionnaire. Information regarding
sociodemographic profile and current health status were recorded. Anthropometric data regarding height and weight were
also taken. The data thus collected were analysed, and Chi-square was used as the test of significance. Results: Overall
prevalence of obesity and overweight in both sexes was 26.43% and 43.69%, respectively. Hypertension was the most
common comorbid condition. Among the various risk factors, age, sex, and socioeconomic status were significantly
associated with body mass index (BMI) (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The trends show a high prevalence of both obesity
as well as overweight which is a cause of concern. Therefore, the need for early detection to prevent obesity-associated
complications is of prime concern. Despite emergence of new tools, BMI remains safe and effective tool not only to
calculate but also to detect pre-obesity at an incipient stage.
KEY WORDS: Body Mass Index; Obesity, Comorbid Conditions; Urban Area
ABSTRACT
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Research Article