Multidimensional Deprivation
Spectrum: A Step Forward from
Alkire–Foster Methodology
Taseer Salahuddin
1
Alia Ahmed
2
Abstract
Income-based poverty and multidimensional poverty are two major paradigms currently in use to
define and measure poverty. Both these paradigms, however, take individuals as units of analysis and
classify them on the basis of certain poverty lines and cut-offs as poor and non-poor. Social stigma and
labelling theory suggest that the label of poverty negatively impacts the self-esteem of people or con-
tributes to the tendencies of paternalistic dependency among them. This article suggests that poverty
should be measured using dimensions of life as units of analysis. In this direction, it offers a variant of
the Alkire and Foster (Counting and multidimensional poverty measures, OPHI Working Paper No. 7,
Oxford Poverty & Human Development Initiative, 2007) multidimensional poverty index in the form of
a multidimensional deprivation spectrum. Along with using different dimensions as units of analysis, the
current article presents a whole spectrum of indices built to measure inequality for a more nuanced
picture.
Keywords
Poverty measurement, multidimensional deprivation, poverty alleviation
Introduction
Since the advent of the construct of poverty it has been defined in terms of the lack of income (Chambers,
2006). This paradigm is based on the rationality assumption which argues for every human to be rational
and use his income for taking care of his needs himself. However, Sen (1985) has found contrary
evidence from his research on human life. Over time, the multidimensional nature of poverty was
realized (Thorbecke, 2005). Income is a means to an end and not an end in itself, therefore for measuring
poverty the direct measurement of all dimensions of human life such as education, health shelter, living
standard, water and sanitation among others should be taken into consideration. Many efforts have been
Article
Indian Journal of Human Development
13(1) 1–12, 2019
© 2019 Institute for
Human Development
Reprints and permissions:
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DOI: 10.1177/0973703019834742
journals.sagepub.com/home/jhd
1
National College of Business Administration and Economics, Lahore, Pakistan.
2
Business School of National College of Business Administration and Economics, Lahore, Pakistan.
Corresponding author:
Taseer Salahuddin, National College of Business Administration and Economics, Lahore, Pakistan.
E-mail: salahuddin.taseer@gmail.com