Hindawi Publishing Corporation
Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society
Volume 2013, Article ID 602959, 8 pages
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/602959
Research Article
Int-Soft Filters of -Algebras
Sun Shin Ahn,
1
N. O. Alshehri,
2
and Young Bae Jun
3
1
Department of Mathematics Education, Dongguk University, Seoul 100-715, Republic of Korea
2
Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science for Girls, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
3
Department of Mathematics Education, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
Correspondence should be addressed to N. O. Alshehri; nalshehrie@kau.edu.sa
Received 7 August 2013; Accepted 2 November 2013
Academic Editor: Cengiz C ¸ inar
Copyright © 2013 Sun Shin Ahn et al. Tis is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License,
which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Te notion of int-sof flters ofa -algebra is introduced, and related properties are investigated. Characterization of an int-sof
flter is discussed. Te problem of classifying int-sof flters by their -inclusive flter is solved.
1. Introduction
In 1966, Imai and Is´ eki [1] and Is´ eki [2] introduced two classes
of abstract algebras: BCK-algebras and BCI-algebras. It is
known that the class of BCK-algebras is a proper subclass
of the class of BCI-algebras. As a generalization of a BCK-
algebra, H. S. Kim and Y. H. Kim [3] introduced the notion of
a -algebra and investigated several properties. In [4], Ahn
and So introduced the notion of ideals in -algebras. Tey
gave several descriptions of ideals in -algebras.
Various problems in system identifcation involve char-
acteristics which are essentially nonprobabilistic in nature
[5]. In response to this situation Zadeh [6] introduced fuzzy
set theory as an alternative to probability theory. Uncertainty
is an attribute of information. In order to suggest a more
general framework, the approach to uncertainty is outlined
by Zadeh [7]. To solve complicated problem in economics,
engineering, and environment, we cannot successfully use
classical methods because of various uncertainties typical
for those problems. Tere are three theories: theory of
probability, theory of fuzzy sets, and the interval mathematics
which we can consider as mathematical tools for dealing
with uncertainties. But all these theories have their own
difculties. Uncertainties cannot be handled using traditional
mathematical tools but may be dealt with using a wide range
of existing theories such as probability theory, theory of
(intuitionistic) fuzzy sets, theory of vague sets, theory of
interval mathematics, and theory of rough sets. However,
all of these theories have their own difculties which are
pointed out in [8]. Maji et al. [9] and Molodtsov [8] suggested
that one reason for these difculties may be due to the
inadequacy of the parametrization tool of the theory. To
overcome these difculties, Molodtsov [8] introduced the
concept of sof set as a new mathematical tool for dealing
with uncertainties that is free from the difculties that have
troubled the usual theoretical approaches. Molodtsov pointed
out several directions for the applications of sof sets. At
present, works on the sof set theory are progressing rapidly.
Maji et al. [9] described the application of sof set theory
to a decision-making problem. Maji et al. [10] also studied
several operations on the theory of sof sets. Chen et al.
[11] presented a new defnition of sof set parametrization
reduction and compared this defnition to the related concept
of attributes reduction in rough set theory. Te algebraic
structure of set theories dealing with uncertainties has been
studied by some authors. C ¸a ̆ gman et al. [12] introduced fuzzy
parameterized (FP) sof sets and their related properties.
Tey proposed a decision-making method based on FP-sof
set theory and provided an example which shows that the
method can be successfully applied to the problems that
contain uncertainties. Feng [13] considered the application
of sof rough approximations in multicriteria group decision-
making problems. Aktas ¸ and C ¸a ̆ gman [14] studied the basic
concepts of sof set theory and compared sof sets to fuzzy and
rough sets, providing examples to clarify their diferences.
Tey also discussed the notion of sof groups.
In this paper, we introduce the notion of int-sof
flter ofa -algebra and investigate its properties. We