INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 8: 239-252, 1996 zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONML Modification of growth related enzymatic pathways and apparent loss of tumorigenicity of azyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFED ras-transformed bovine endothelial cell line by treatment with 5-iodo-6-amino-l,2-benzopyrone (INH 2 BP) PALI. BAUER 1 ' 2 *, EVA KIRSTEN 1 *, LAWRENCE J.T. YOUNG 3 *, GYULA VARADI 2 , EVA CSONKA 2 , KALMANG. BUKI 1 , GABOR MIKALA 2 , RUIDE HU 3 , JOHN A. COMSTOCK 1 , JEROME MENDELEYEV 1 , ALAEDDIN HAKAM ' and ERNEST KUN 1 Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry and the Octamer Research Foundation, San Francisco State University, Romberg Tiburon Centers, Tiburon, CA, 94920; department of Biochemistry II, Semmelweis University Medical School, Budapest, Hungary; 3 Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA Contributed by E. Kun, November 30, 1995 Abstract. Bovine aortic endothelial cells were converted to a highly tumorigenic cell line by transfection with Ha-ras and stimulation with thrombin. Sustained pretreatment with a non-cytotoxic concentration (600 pJvl) of 5-iodo-6-amino- 1,2-benzopyrone (INH 2 BP), a lipophilic ligand of poly(ADP- ribose) polymerase, abrogatedzyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA in vivo tumorigenicity, of 10 5 cells per inoculum an effect which developed progressively during 2 to 6 weeks of drug treatment. The initial action of the drug was cytostasis, consisting of an arrest in prophase, Correspondence to: Professor Ernest Kun, Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry and the Octamer Research Foundation, San Francisco State University, Romberg Tiburon Centers, Tiburon, CA, 94920, USA These authors contributed equally Abbreviations: NH 2 BP, 6-amino-l,2-benzopyrone; INH 2 BP, 5- iodo-6-amino-l,2-benzopyrone; pADPRT, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, E.C. 2. 4. 2. 30; ODC, L-ornithine decarboxylase; PKC, protein kinase C; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; DAG, diacyl glycerol; EM, electron microscopy; TBE, Tris-Borate- EDTA buffer; CIP, calf intestinal alkaline phosphatase; Topo I, topoisomerase I; Topo II, topoisomerase II; MNNG, l-methyl-3- nitro-1-nitroso-guanidine; CHAPS, 3-[(3-chloroamidopropyl)- dimethylammonio]-l-propane-sulfonate; PMSF, phenylmethane- sulfonyl fluoride. A preliminary symposium report of this work was presented at the 1st World Congress on Advances in Oncology, Oct. 22-26, 1995 in Vouliagmeni, Athens, Greece, abstract No. 147. Key words: ras gene, endothelial cell line, 5-iodo-6-amino-l,2- benzopyrone extreme cell enlargement consistent with cytoplasmic hypertrophy, as seen by EM, and dramatic morphologic changes. Although neither DNA, RNA or protein syntheses are directly affected by INH 2 BP, apparently newly synthesized cellular DNA is degraded by endonucleases, which are up- regulated by the inhibition of their poly-ADP-ribosylation. The drug treated cells exhibited greatly increased respiration v and aerobic glycolysis, due to an augmentation of glycolytic and respiratory enzymes in enlarged cells. These responses to the drug were reversible in cell cultures following drug removal, within 5-10 days drug exposure but the progressive loss of tumorigenicity in nude mice that developed after 3-6 weeks of drug exposure of cells, prior to inoculation to nude mice, was not reversible in vivo. Drug treatment produced a sustained 70-80% inhibition of pADPRT in intact cells at 600 \xM extracellular concentration of INH 2 BP. The prerequisite for the abrogation of tumorigenicity was the maintenance of pADPRT inhibition. The arrest of cell multiplication and a large decrease of Topo I, especially of Topo II and MAP kinase activities occurred without loss of enzyme protein as assayed in cell extracts of drug-treated cells. However INH 2 BP had no direct effect on these enzymes. Drug treatment down-regulated DNA-methyl- transferase, PKC, ODC proteins, diminished cyclin A protein, but the hypophosphorylated form of Rb protein was significantly augmented. None of the enzymatic components of signal pathways so far studied, were directly affected by INH 2 BP. The inhibition of pADPRT by INH 2 BP coincided with an induction or activation of alkaline phosphatase and leucyl and glutamyl peptidase. The pADPRT content or the expression of pADPRT gene were not influenced by drug treatment, but the expression of ras gene was completely absent in nontumorigenic drug-treated cells, without a loss of ras gene from genomic DNA. Telomerase activity was not directly influenced by INH 2 BP treatment when assayed in diluted cell extracts, but the addition of homogeneous