American Journal of Materials Science 2017, 7(4): 91-94
DOI: 10.5923/j.materials.20170704.04
Mechanical Characterization of Epoxy/ Basalt Fiber/ Flax
Fiber Hybrid Composites
Susilendra Mutalikdesai
*
, G. Sujaykumar, Amal Raju, C. J. Moses, Jithin Jose, Vishak Lakshmanan
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yenepoya Institute of Technology, Moodbidri, India
Abstract Over the last two three decades composite materials has been used widely in various engineering field.
Composite materials possess low weight, corrosion resistance property and specific strength, and due to these facts composite
materials are becoming popular among researchers and scientists. Now-a-days, the natural fibers offer the potential to act as a
reinforcing material for composites alternative to the use of glass fiber, carbon fiber and other man-made fibers. In present
work hybrid composites of Epoxy/basalt fiber/flax fibers were prepared by Hand-layup technique. Mechanical
characterization of prepared hybrid composites were carried out. Mechanical results improved mechanical properties for
hybrid composites. Mechanical properties increased with increased in basalt fibre content in the flax/basalt fibre hybrid epoxy
composites.
Keywords Hybrid composite, Natural fibres, Hand lay-up technique, Tensile test, Flexural test, Impact test
1. Introduction
A composite is a material made by combining two or more
dissimilar materials in such a way that the resultant material
is endowed with properties superior to any of its parental
ones. Fiber-reinforced composites, owing to their superior
properties, are usually applied in different fields like defence,
aerospace, engineering applications, sports goods, etc. Now
a days a lot of research going on natural fiber composites and
they have gained increasing interest due to their eco-friendly
properties. Natural fibers such as jute, sisal, silk and coir are
inexpensive, abundant and renewable, lightweight, with low
density, high toughness, and biodegradable. Natural fibres
such as jute, flax, basalt fibres have the potential to be used
as a replacement for traditional reinforcement materials in
composites for applications which requires high strength to
weight ratio and further weight reduction.
A huge changeover was reported on the usage of natural
fibers all over the world for the production of composites
[1-3]. Moreover, natural fibers can be a suitable comparator
to synthetic fibers, such as glass, in many ecological
characteristics but not in respect of mechanical strength.
However, significant improvements in the strength of
polymer composites can be achieved while reinforcing
natural fibers under different conditions, i.e. by using
various chemical treatments on the fibers and hybridization
with synthetic fibers. Still, the need for these treatments was
* Corresponding author:
susilendra@yit.edu.in (Susilendra Mutalikdesai)
Published online at http://journal.sapub.org/materials
Copyright © 2017 Scientific & Academic Publishing. All Rights Reserved
identified as a lack of strength in these composites compared
to other synthetic composites, whereas, weaving of natural
fibers in different orientations makes the composites stronger
and comparable to those of synthetic fibers [4, 5].
Basalt fibres are continuously extruded from a high
temperature melt (around 1500°C) of selected basalt stones
(volcanic, over-ground, effusive rocks saturated with 45–
52% silica) [6]. In particular, their similar chemical structure
to glass, even though their density is slightly higher (2.8
g/cm
3
compared to 2.54 g/cm
3
of glass), eases such a
replacement. Also, the chemical stability of the basalt fibres
is higher than that of glass fibres, especially in an acidic
environment [7]. This characteristic allows basalt fibres to
more effectively binding to sizing agents, such as organ
silanes, resulting in the need for a reduced amount of these
chemicals with respect to glass fibres [8]. Even more than
glass, basalt fibres can be used in a wide range of
temperatures, from 200°C to 600°C [9].
Flax, one of the types of natural fibres with a good
mechanical characteristics, has been widely used to produce
composites. Unlike artificial fibres, flax fibres are not
continuous fibres but they have a composite like
hierarchically organized structure. Their macroscopic
properties emerge from their micro and nano-structural level.
The morphology of the fibres shows similarities and
composites produced using them show similar properties.
The industrially important flax fibres are placed as fibre
bundles in the outer surface of the plant stem. The bundles
(technical fibres) are between 60 and 140 cm long and their
diameter ranges from 40 to 80 µm. The flax stem contains
20-50 bundles in their cross section. Each bundle consists of
10-40 spindle shaped single fibres of 1-12 cm length and