350 Book Reviews insufficient consideration of archaeological literature and humans as geomorphic agents. Admittedly, how- ever, I read most of this book while conducting geoarchaeology research in Belize and Guatemala studying the impacts of the Ancient Maya. One last criticism is a lack of up-to-date soil references (on soil erosion, formation, weathering, etc.) from the United States, which represents a large under tapped source of information. These are small criticisms, and all-in-all this was an enriching book to read. It was very well edited, exceptionally illustrated, and logically organized. For any geomorphologist or earth scientist who works in the tropics, this is a necessary reference. It would also be ideal for upper division or graduate-level courses on tropical geomorphology. The book em- phasizes weathering and denudation, which permits little room for discussion of coral reefs and man- grove coasts (two of the most recognized topics in tropical geomorphology). These topics are covered adequately elsewhere and would only diminish the book’s focus. Therefore, this is a logically coherent book for weathering and denudation in the low lati- tudes. T. Beach Washington, DC PII SO169-555X(96)00036-0 Theory of Rejlectance and Emittance Spectroscopy. B. Hapke. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1993. Topics in Remote Sensing 3, 455 pp. Remote Geochemical Analysis: Elemental and Min- eralogical Composition. C.M. Pieters and P.A.J. En- glert (Editors). Cambridge University Press, Cam- bridge, 1993. Topics in Remote Sensing 4, 594 pp. This review discusses two books in the series Topics in Remote Sensing published by Cambridge University Press in 1993. The first text is a theoreti- cal introduction to reflectance and spectroscopic analysis authored by Bruce Hapke. The second work, edited by Carl6 Pieters and Peter Englert, is a com- pendium of theory, techniques, and applications of remote geochemical analysis. This article reviews both books as independent works. Theory of Reflectance and Emittance Spectroscopy The motivation for Hapke to present this theoreti- cal text is to provide tools enabling planetary scien- tists to describe and evaluate characteristics of the surfaces they study. Presented via a progression of theoretical models, the text provides numerous for- mulas and references for models which may be used by planetary and earth system scientists, particularly those interested in remote sensing. For geomorpholo- gists seeking to use remote sensing, the theoretical underpinnings of the science are rigorously illumi- nated through mathematical equations. The theory and application is decidedly oriented toward the theory behind biophysical remote sensing rather than common methods of image enhancement and classi- fication. The book is aimed at advanced undergradu- ates and beginning graduate students in the physical sciences and requires a background in physics and ample proficiency in calculus. Brief mathematical reviews are also included in appendices. Following an introduction, the book provides background on electromagnetic-wave propagation theory, commencing with Maxwell’s equations. Chapter 3 introduces absorption of electromagnetic radiation in liquids and solids. Chapter 4 describes specular reflectance and associated refraction, single particle scattering, and particularly Mie and Rayleigh scattering as they are referred in remote sensing. Chapter 7 introduces equations of radiative transfer and provides discussion of nonuniform scatterers. Approximate solutions for radiative transfer equa- tions and exact expressions for several kinds of reflectances are given in Chapters S-10. Chapter 8 provides a succinct and clear description of geomet- rical reflectance, particularly directional and hemi- spherical reflectance. Empirical relations are re- viewed, as are Lambert’s and Minnaert’s Laws. Bidi- rectional reflectance is described and approximately demonstrated and mathematically solved for differ- ent scatterers. For example, the opposition effect, or shadow-hiding relating to phase angles and particle sizes and wavelengths, is clearly described. These issues are woefully represented in many remote sens- ing texts. Hapke soundly fills in details and assump- tions that are bypassed or only briefly noted in standard remote sensing texts. Chapter 10 treats reflectances and quantities using