Environmental Research & Technology, Vol. 2 (3), pp. 141-157, 2019
Corresponding Author: ppkamugisha@mzumbe.ac.tz (Proscovia Kamugisha)
Received 5 August 2019; Received in revised form 21 September 2019; Accepted 23 September 2019
Available Online September 2019
Doi: https://doi.org/10.35208/ert.601999
© Yildiz Technical University, Environmental Engineering Department. All rights reserved.
Environmental Research & Technology
http://dergipark.gov.tr/ert
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Public private partnerships for successful solid waste management and prospects for
reducing public health risks in Kinondoni Municipality-Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Proscovia Kamugisha
1,*
, Julius Ludete
2
, Sebastian Mhanga
3
1
Mzumbe University, Morogoro, TANZANIA
2
Mufindi District Council, P.O.BOX 223, Mafinga, Iringa, TANZANIA
3
Menonite Development Associates (MEDA), Box 3182, Morogoro, TANZANIA
ABSTRACT
In Tanzania only 40% of solid wastes in urbanized areas are collected and transported to the dumping sites. The
remaining 60% are illegally disposed along road sides, sewage canals and reserved open spaces that contribute to
floods and breeding of rodent vectors that eventually spread diseases such as intestinal schistosomiasis and soil
transmitted helminths. Public Private Partnership (PPP) has been adopted to address Solid Waste Management
(SWM) in various countries and yielded robust results. However the PPP model has not been effective for Tanzania
since its initiation in 1995. Therefore this paper examined factors influencing performance of PPPs in SWM at
Kinondoni municipality. A cross sectional survey was employed to collect data that was analyzed using descriptive
and multiple regression model. Findings showed that poor monitoring and evaluation practices influenced poor
performance of PPP in SWM. Moreover, low capacity of the contracted companies, limited accessibility of residential
areas and weak enforcement of laws and regulations governing solid waste management had negative influence at
0.05 significant levels. The study recommends the system should establish regular plan in combination with
imprompt monitoring to eliminate the effect of possible falsified compliance. Furthermore, the municipal council has
to improve town settlements to access the households easily for SWM. Lastly research on end use products of the
waste should look at the technical, economic viability of the waste markets for the products processed from the waste
for mitigating public health risks associated with SWM.
Keywords: Solid waste management, Kinondoni, Tanzania, public-private partnership, public health, health risks
1. INTRODUCTION
Generation of solid waste is linked with urbanization
and economic development. This is because as
economies urbanize, people’s incomes increase due to
increased economic productivity. In turn the
increased income rises consumption of goods and
services that enlarges the amount of solid waste
produced [1, 2] Tanzania’s urbanization is
accelerating at an annual rate of 5.2%, or more than
twice the world average (at 2.1%) and higher than the
average for Africa (3.5%). Dar es Salaam which is the
metropolitan city of Tanzania is growing at 5.6%; and
it is the fastest growing city in Africa [3, 4].
In Tanzania only 40% of wastes in urbanized areas
are collected and transported to the dumping sites [5-
7]. The remaining 60% are illegally disposed along
road sides, sewage canals and reserved open spaces
that contribute to floods and breeding of rodent
vectors that eventually spread diseases [8, 9].
At global level UN- Habitat [10] estimated the
incidence of diarrhoea and acute respiratory
infections to be twice and six times higher
respectively, for children living in the households
where solid wastes are dumped at homesteads
compared to children living in the households where
wastes are dumped away. In Tanzania the situation is
even worse because 50% of Tanzanians suffer from
intestinal schistosomiasis and soil transmitted
helminths resulting from haphazard solid waste
dumping [11]. Sakijege et al [12] estimated the
presence of total coliform in drinking water to stand
at 70 and 23 counts/100 ml compared to WHO
recommended rate of zero (0) coliform/100 ml
(coliform free water) in the drinking water [13]. The
results imply presence of pathogens causing