Creative Education
2012. Vol.3, Special Issue, 824-828
Published Online October 2012 in SciRes (http://www.SciRP.org/journal/ce) http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ce.2012.326123
Copyright © 2012 SciRes. 824
Enhancing Student Engagement through Small Group Pedagogies
in a Large Class Environment
Ayse A. Bilgin
1
, David Bulger
1
, Greg Robertson
2
, Sigurbjorg Gudlaugsdottir
1
1
Department of Statistics, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Australia
2
Department of Education, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Australia
Email: ayse.bilgin@mq.edu.au
Received August 30
th
, 2012; revised September 28
th
, 2012; accepted October 15
th
, 2012
Higher education institutions all over the world have been increasing their student intake due to higher
demands for education, creating larger and larger classes. The problems of teaching a large class are
widely recognized and various solutions have been suggested. The pedagogy literature establishes that
learning outcomes and engagement for students in large classes are improved when students feel that they
belong to small groups within the classes. This article describes recent changes to a second year statistics
unit with large practicals aimed initially at promoting group work, and more generally at conferring some
of the benefits of smaller classes. Specifically, we aimed to increase students’ interaction with tutors and
each other, and to develop students’ verbal communication skills and confidence through short unre-
hearsed presentations. Results of preliminary analysis of students’ responses to survey questions on their
learning habits and learning environment showed that students are generally happy with the new learning
space regardless of their age, gender and whether they were local or international students. Although stu-
dents felt less comfortable presenting their solutions to the class, they found it worthwhile to listen to
peers’ solution presentations. Overall, students found their peers and teaching staff to be supportive of
their learning.
Keywords: Student Engagement; Collaborative Learning; Learning Spaces; Large Class; Unrehearsed
Student Presentations
Introduction
Macquarie University is a large institution in Sydney, Aus-
tralia. It has about 24,000 undergraduate students, 12,000 post-
graduate students, 1120 academic and 1245 non-academic staff.
The academic year is divided into two 13-week semesters, each
followed by a 3-week formal examination period, plus a 6-week
summer session for selected units.
One of the largest units we teach in the Department of Statis-
tics is a second year unit, Operations Research I, which typi-
cally has 750 - 1100 enrolments annually. This unit covers
topics such as linear programming, project planning, simulation,
transportation, transshipment and assignment models, inventory
and queuing. Every semester we have two streams of lectures
since our largest lecture theatre can only hold 500 students.
Students are expected to attend a three hours lecture and one
hour practical class each week. The theory and examples of the
applications of the theory are presented and discussed in the
lectures. In the practicals, students solve problems under the
supervision of the practical leader and another academic. Al-
though we have a number of small classrooms that could be
used for practical classes, due to limited resources, we are un-
able to have small practical classes for these students. For close
to a decade we had practical classes with 100 to 150 students in
lecture theatres with two academics present. The crowded space
limited the practicable types of lesson structure, impairing stu-
dent engagement.
The University has responded to current research in the de-
sign of learning and teaching spaces by building new learning
spaces such as C5C Forum, a space which flexibly supports a
variety of learning and teaching modes. The audio visual sys-
tem in C5C Forum has as its backbone a Crestron Digital Me-
dia system, enabling presenters to display different devices on
different screens. The user devices include 2 High Definition
document cameras, a resident PC, Bluray player and the ability
to plug in an external laptop. One of the great features of the
system is the annotation capability, allowing the operator to
write or draw over the image projected from any of the user
devices onto the screens. This space was made available in first
semester 2011, and our unit was the first to use it for regular
classes.
Our current project is a component of a bigger project—ini-
tially funded by a 2011 Priority Grant, led by Dr Greg Robert-
son from the Department of Education and including teaching
teams from all four faculties—which explores the ways in
which academics use C5C Forum’s innovative and flexible
learning environment to maximise the engagement, satisfaction
and learning outcomes of their students. Although this space
can also support more didactic teaching styles, the technology
embedded within it creates a flexible learning environment that
can support small group work within a larger class. It also pro-
vides opportunity for the academics to physically approach the
students and have individual conversations during the class.
The problems of teaching a large class are widely recognised
and various solutions are suggested (Aagard, 2010). The litera-
ture documents that, when students are in large classes, if they
feel that they are in a small group within that class, their learn-
ing outcomes and engagement will increase (CTE, 2008). Some