Genetic Diversity Analysis of Jatropha Curcas Provenances Using Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA Markers Dani Satyawan* and I Made Tasma Indonesian Center for Agricultural Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Research and Development, Jl. Tentara Pelajar 3A, Bogor 16111 Phone (62-251) 8337975; Facs. (62-251) 8338820; *E-mail: d.satyawan@gmail.com Submitted: 22 Oktober 2010; Accepted: 9 Maret 2011 ABSTRAK Analisis Keragaman Genetik Jarak Pagar (Jatropha Curcas) Menggunakan Marka RAPD. Dani Satyawan dan I Made Tasma. Jarak pagar (Jatropha curcas L.) adalah tanaman non pangan yang bijinya dapat menghasilkan minyak untuk digunakan dalam produksi biodiesel atau langsung dipakai sebagai bahan bakar bagi mesin diesel yang telah dimodifikasi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui keragaman genetik koleksi tanaman jarak pagar Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian yang di- tanam di Kebun Percobaan Pakuwon (Sukabumi, Jawa Barat) dengan menggunakan marka RAPD. Sebanyak 50 aksesi jarak pagar dan satu aksesi Jatopha integerrima dianalisis keragaman genetiknya menggunakan 14 primer RAPD dengan kandungan G+C antara 60-80%. Dari 14 primer tersebut diperoleh 64 pita DNA dengan tingkat poli- morfisme sebanyak 95,7%. Beberapa pita DNA yang dihasil- kan tidak konsisten dan reproducible sehingga dilakukan reaksi ulangan untuk setiap primer yang digunakan demi meminimalisir kesalahan skor marka. Data pita DNA yang dihasilkan selanjutnya digunakan untuk analisis keragaman genetik dengan menggunakan Unweighted Pair Group Method Arithmetic (UPGMA) dan koefisien Dice, dan hasil yang didapat menunjukkan bahwa aksesi yang dianalisis memiliki koefisien kesamaan antara 0,2 dan 0,98, dengan rerata sebesar 0,75. Analisis dendrogram membagi aksesi- aksesi ke dalam dua kelompok besar, dengan satu outlier dari Lampung Selatan. Pembagian kelompok tidak berko- relasi dengan daerah asal masing-masing aksesi, sehingga konsisten dengan hipotesis bahwa tanaman jarak pagar ba- ru masuk ke Indonesia sekitar 4 abad lalu dan penyebaran- nya lebih banyak difasilitasi oleh manusia. Tingginya rerata koefisien kesamaan menunjukkan bahwa keragaman ge- netik koleksi ini cukup rendah, sehingga di masa depan di- perlukan penambahan aksesi dengan latar belakang genetik yang bervariasi untuk semakin meningkatkan produktivitas tanaman hasil pemuliaan jarak pagar. Kata kunci: Jatropha curcas, marka RAPD, keragaman genetik. ABSTRACT Genetic Diversity Analysis of Jatropha Curcas Provenances Using Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA Markers. Dani Satyawan and I Made Tasma. Jatropha curcas nuts are rich in oil that is higly suitable for Hak Cipta © 2011, BB-Biogen the production of bio-diesel or to be used directly in modified diesel engines. The objective of this study was to assess the extent of genetic diversity among 50 J. curcas provenances and one accession of J. integerrima using RAPD markers. The fifty J. curcas provenances were collected from ecologically diverse regions of Indonesia, and planted in the Pakuwon Experimental Station (Sukabumi, West Java). Fourteen RAPD primers with 60-80% G+C content were used in this genetic diversity analysis and produced 64 bands with 95.7% polymorphism level. The Polymerase Chain Reactions used to generate the RAPD bands sometimes produced inconsistent and non- reproducible results, necessitating the duplication of each reaction to prevent scoring errors. Sixty one validated bands were subsequently used for genetic diversity analysis using Unweighted Pair Group Method Arithmetic (UPGMA) method and Dice coefficients. It was shown that the similarity coefficients among the provenances ranged from 0.2 to 0.98 with an average similarity of 0.75. Dendrogram analysis produced two major groups of provenances, with one outlier from South Lampung. There was no tendency for provenances originated from nearby regions to cluster together in each group, and several provenances showed more similarities with provenances originated from distant regions. This pattern lent credence to reports that Jatropha was introduced to Indonesia around four centuries ago and was mainly spread by humans. Based on the mean similarities among the accessions and their clustering pattern, the genetic diversity of the Jatropha collection appeared to be fairly low. Future additions of genetic materials from more diverse genetic background will be necessary to maintain the current progress of Jatropha improvement program. Keywords: Genetic diversity, RAPD markers, Jatropha curcas. INTRODUCTION Indonesian population and economic developments have increased each year, resulting in a similar increase in national consumption for fossil- based fuels even when the national fuel production is lower than the national demands. As a consequence, the country position has shifted from a net exporter to become a net importer. The world fuel price has also shown extreme volatility, at one time even sky- rocketing close to US$ 150 per barrel, making the Jurnal AgroBiogen 7(1):47-55