International Journal of Scientific Reports | February 2017 | Vol 3 | Issue 2 Page 63 International Journal of Scientific Reports Hawaz H et al. Int J Sci Rep. 2017 Feb;3(2):63-67 http://www.sci-rep.com pISSN 2454-2156 | eISSN 2454-2164 Short Communication Prevalence and drug susceptibility pattern of Shigella and Salmonella species in under ten diarrhoeic children admitted to Tirunesh-Beijing hospital Habtamu Hawaz, Selamawit Girma, Yordanos Tezera, Umer Ahmed, Musin Kelel* INTRODUCTION Diarrheal diseases constitute a major burden of disease in the world, especially in the low and middle-income countries. Of all medical conditions, diarrhea is the second leading cause of morbidity. About 72.8 million people are exposed to disability due to diarrhea per day. Diarrheal Illnesses are particularly dangerous for young children who are more susceptible to dehydration and nutritional losses during an episode of acute diarrhea. Around 90% of diarrhea-related deaths occur among under-five children living in low-and middle-income countries. Over 1.8 million under-five children die of diarrheal diseases which accounts for 19% of all childhood deaths. 1,2 Of all child deaths from diarrheal diseases 78% occur in the African and South-East Asian regions. Now a day, food borne disease, caused by Shigella and salmonella is the most common type of bacterial ABSTRACT Background: Diarrheal diseases constitute a major burden of disease in the low and middle-income countries of the world with diarrhea being the second leading cause of morbidity. Now a day, food borne disease, caused by Shigella and Salmonella species is the most common type of bacterial gastroenteritis have gained multiple antimicrobial resistances; the challenge for clinical management. For acute childhood diarrhea that requires antimicrobial therapy correct choice of the drug depends on detailed previous knowledge of local strains. Therefore, the objective of the study was to assess the prevalence and drug susceptibility pattern of diarrheal diseases in under 10 children admitted to Tirunesh-Beijing hospital to provide preliminary information for healthcare providers. Methods: Selective and differential media for isolation of diarrhea causing bacterial species was used. Further biochemical tests were conducted to confirm the results. The drug sensitivity and resistance pattern of isolated bacteria was assessed by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) as well as minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). Data about patients' sex and age, pathogens isolated and their antimicrobial resistance patterns were recorded . Results: Out of 22 stool samples collected from diarrhoeic under ten children the majority was males. Two (9.1%) stool samples were found positive for one Shigella sonnei and one Shigilla flexnrei while no Salmonella species was identified. Conclusions: The isolated Shigella species showed high antibiotic resistance to amoxicillin, cotrimoxazole and ampicillin. But it was susceptible to ciprofloxacin. Therefore, frequent assessment of the pattern of resistance and prevalence is needed to keep the community save and use appropriate drug for treatment in the study area. Keywords: Diarrhea, Antimicrobial susceptibility, Salmonella, Shigella, Children Department of Biotechnology, School of Science and Technology, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University P.O. Box 16417 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Received: 21 December 2016 Accepted: 15 January 2017 *Correspondence: Dr. Musin Kelel E-mail: musinkelel@yahoo.com Copyright: © the author(s), publisher and licensee Medip Academy. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-2156.IntJSciRep20170359