© 2018 IJRAR September 2018, Volume 5, Issue 3 www.ijrar.org (E-ISSN 2348-1269, P- ISSN 2349-5138) IJRAR1903818 International Journal of Research and Analytical Reviews (IJRAR) www.ijrar.org 307 Combustion And Emission Analysis Of Animal Fat As Bio-Diesel G.V. Churchill 1 , C. Ananda Srinivasan 2 , M.Muralimaran 3 , ,M.Selvam 4 1,2&3 Assistant Professor , 4 Research scholar, 1&3 AnnaiTeresa College of Engineering ,Department of Mechanical Engg. 2&4 Annamalai University Department of Mechanical Engg. India Abstract The main objective of this work is to discuss the impact of biodiesel from Animal Fat on performance, emission and combustion characteristics with biodiesel. In this study, the effect of bio-diesel from Tuna fish oil and its blends on a single cylinder Kirloskar TV-1 diesel engine were investigated. In this work, the performance and emission analysis were conducted. The tests were performed at steady state conditions with the blend ratio of B25, B50, B75 and B100. These represent the ratio of biodiesel in the blend and the rest diesel. The aim of this investigation was to reformulate the fuel to utilize the biodiesel and its blend to enhance the fuels performance, emission and combustion characteristic and to reduce the pollution from the engine. The experimental results reveal an marginal decrease in brake thermal efficiency when compared to that of sole fuel. In this investigation, the emission test were with the help of AVL DI gas analyzer, in which CO, CO2, HC and NOx are appreciably reduced on the other hand smoke, O2, have marginal increased when compared to that of sole fuel. In this work combustion analysis also made with the help of AVL combustion analyzer in which bio diesel blend shows the better result when compared with diesel. Key words: Tuna Fish oil, Transesterification, Biodiesel, NOx, HC, CO, CO2 ,Smoke. 1.Introduction India has very coastline and fisheries industry well developed. All along the coastal line there is no shortage fish and fish oil which are easily available and also the cost of production of biodiesel from fish oil is quite economical other land based tree bearing oils. There are also instances in the Gujarat and Maharashtra coastal area where the fish oil is drained back into the sea just because there is no viable and economical use for it. A number of industries and entrepreneurs are using fish oil to produce biodiesel at an economical cost as compared to other non-edible oils sources. Fish oil can be transesterified just like any other oil to give a clear, yellowish colour bio-diesel which can be used in any engine. About one-third of the fats and oils produced in the United States are animal fats. This includes beef tallow, pork lard, and Fish oil. Animal fats are attractive feedstocks for biodiesel because their cost is substantially lower than the cost of vegetable oil. Fish oil is derived from the tissues of oily fish. The various species range from lean to fatty and their oil content in the tissues has been shown to vary from 0.7% to 15.5%. They also differ in their effects on organ lipids. . The length of the carbon chain of fish oil is frequently greater than that of general vegetable oils, which are primarily composed of palmitic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid. Biodiesel with larger cetane number may cause the improvement of biodiesel engine performance and a reduction of pollutant emissions. Although there is great potential for the use of fish oil biodiesel as transportation fuel or as a power source, research into the fuel properties of fish oil biodiesel is rather limited. The use of locally processed fish biodiesel as a heating fuel mixed with diesel fuel would be beneficial. Because fish oil contains approximately 90% of energy content of diesel fuel and is easy to process into usable biodiesel blend fuels, this clean bringing bio oil could be used to reduce dependence of imported fuel and improve air quality. Animal fat feedstocks can be made into high-quality biodiesel that meets the ASTM specifications for biodiesel. However, there are some drawbacks and challenges to using animal fat feed stocks.Biodiesel (fatty-acid alkyl esters) is a renewable and environmentally friendly energy source. It can be produced from plant oils and animal fats. Several techniques are available for biodiesel production. The most commonly used technique is transesterification in which triglycerides are reacted with alcohol, usually methanol, in the presence of a catalyst, usually potassium or sodium hydroxide (KOH or NaOH), to produce mono alkyl esters. Many factors affect the biodiesel yield and process economics. The most important factors are alcohol type, alcohol/oil molar ratio, reaction temperature and time, catalyst type and amount and water content of the reactants. 2. Biodiesel Production 2.1 Transesterification The most commonly used technique is Transesterification in which triglycerides are reacted with alcohol,( usually methanol, )in the presence of a catalyst, (usually potassium or sodium hydroxide (KOH or NaOH)), to produce mono alkyl esters and Glycerol. Many factors affect the biodiesel yield and process economics. The most important factors are alcohol type, alcohol/oil molar ratio, reaction temperature and time, catalyst type and amount and water content of the reactants. Tuna fish oil have been purchased from local market. Biodiesel is prepared from fish oil fat by Transesterification process. ‘Alcohol mixture’ is produced by mixing 200 ml of methanol with 18 grams of Potassium Hydroxide (KOH). Raw fish oil fat was heated. When the temperature reaches around 60C ‘Alcohol mixture’ is added to the raw oil. Then temperature is maintained at around 65C and the mixture is stirred for about 30 minutes Chemical reaction took place and biodiesel got yielded. The resultant product contained biodiesel and Glycerol. The products were allowed to settle down in an inverted beaker. Separation took place and glycerol which is heavier got settled down at the bottom. Glycerol was removed and pure biodiesel was collected.