International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol. 12, No. 5, October 2022, pp. 5279~5290 ISSN: 2088-8708, DOI: 10.11591/ijece.v12i5.pp5279-5290  5279 Journal homepage: http://ijece.iaescore.com The impact of channel model on the performance of distance- based schemes in vehicular named data networks Kaoutar Ahed, Maria Benamar, Rajae El Ouazzani IMAGE Laboratory, School of Technology (EST), Moulay Ismail University, Meknes, Morocco Article Info ABSTRACT Article history: Received Feb 2, 2021 Revised Apr 19, 2022 Accepted May 12, 2022 Distance-based schemes present one of the methods to avoid the broadcast problem in vehicular named data networks. However, such schemes overlook the most factor in performance evaluation which is the variation in received signal strength caused by the propagation model choice. Thus, they are evaluated under one propagation model while neglecting the effect of the others. This paper evaluates the impact of the propagation variation model over three distance-based schemes, namely rapid named data networking (RNDN), enhanced vehicle on named data networking (EVNDN) and opportunistic interest forwarding protocol (OIFP). Simulation experiments are performed over three propagation models. Simulation results show that Nakagami significantly degrades network performance. However, it has a noticeable positive effect over higher distance resulting in a higher interest satisfaction ratio as compared to the other models. The RNDN exhibits a higher number of retransmissions across the Nakagami. In contrast, a higher number of retransmissions is exhibited by EVNDN when compared to the other schemes over the Friis and random. The OIFP show a higher interest satisfaction ratio when compared to EVNDN and RNDN under all models. OIFP shows robustness towards the adverse fading effects resulting from the Nakagami and exhibits lower end to end delays. Keywords: Distance-based Forwarding Named data networking Propagation model VANET routing This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA license. Corresponding Author: Kaoutar Ahed IMAGE Laboratory, School of Technology (EST), Moulay Ismail University Meknes, Morocco Email: kaoutar.ahed@edu.umi.ac.ma 1. INTRODUCTION Research in vehicular named data networks (VNDN) has emerged rapidly over recent years, with a focus on the development of more robust networking protocols to guarantee stable communication [1]. In this kind of network, the basic method of forwarding packets is broadcasting. This approach will result in a collision and excessive redundancy leading to the well-known broadcast storm problem [2]–[5]. Distance- based schemes used in different applications in VNDN are proposed to attenuate the broadcast storm problem [6]. These schemes use the distance between the transmitter and receiver to make the forwarding decision. This decision is performed with the assistance of a predefined timer to propagate the packet further from the last sender. However, faster and successful reception pose strict demands on the design of forwarding schemes, especially in safety applications. The vehicular network exhibits many factors that affect the reliability of forwarding [7]. One of the main factors is the method by which the wireless signal propagation environment is modeled, taking into account physical channel properties such as fading and path loss. The above-aforementioned channel properties present a critical influencing factor on the performance of distance-based schemes in VNDN. These properties impose a number of challenges in designing communication protocols in the same network,