iBusiness, 2013, 5, 150-153
http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ib.2013.53B032 Published Online September 2013 (http://www.scirp.org/journal/ib)
New Public Management in Bangladesh: Policy and Reality
Farhana Ferdousi
*
, Lisheng Qiu
Department of Political Economics, School of Economics & Management, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
Email:
*
dfferdousi@gmail.com
Received July, 2013
ABSTRACT
New Public Management (NPM) is a management philosophy used by the government since 1980s to modernize the
public sectors. Many developed and developing nations are now experimenting about the applicability of NPM in their
context. In Bangladesh, NPM reform ideas have also been recommended by international donor agencies as well as
numerous reform committees but yet the country has hardly made any progress in establishing effective public
management. This paper attempts to identify some administrative reforms in Bangladesh that have the spirit of NPM as
well some peculiarities that threaten successful implementation of NPM in Bangladesh. It is argued that state incapacity,
bureaucratic failure and donor-driven reform policies are responsible for the failure of implementation of NPM in
Bangladesh. Therefore, to establish efficient public management or to follow NPM model, Bangladesh need to have
solid institutional frameworks, sound rule of law, proper control structures, appropriate checks and balances, effective
civil service system, appropriate accountability and transparency; and for these political leaders, bureaucrats and
donor-agencies have to work in line.
Keywords: New Public Management; Administrative Reforms
1. Introduction
Since Bangladesh gained independence in 1971,
reforming the administrative state, inherited from the
colonial authorities, has become a major aspect of the
country’s quest for development. Various governments,
be they military or civilian, have made reforms a major
priority on their developmental agendas and have,
therefore, expended significant resources, both human
and financial, in these efforts. The preoccupation with
reform stems from the expectation of establishing an
effective system of government and resolving the
problems that had hindered its development as a province
of Pakistan for twenty-four years. At the end of forty
years of its independence, the country has hardly made
any progress and still suffering for the absence of good
governance, fragile economy, poor law and order situation,
unstable political system, uncontrolled corruption,
unreliable social services and inefficient bureaucracy etc.
Interestingly, since independence the government
constituted 17 reform Commissions or Committees with
a view to reorganize/reform civil service and public
sector. More than 20 reports on Public Administration
Reform have been prepared by these Commissions and
Committees and some of those reports were prepared at
the initiative of some of the important development
partners, particularly the World Bank, the United Nations
Development Programme (UNDP), the Asian Develop-
ment Bank (ADB), the Department for International
Development (DFID), and the US Agency for International
Development (USAID) [1]. But the recent history of
Public Administration Reforms has become nothing
more than a sequence of reform studies and proposals,
with little evidence of real change. The present study is
an attempt to find out some problems regarding im-
plementation of new public management, the current
trend in the world to reform and manage the public
sectors.
2. Concept of New Public Management and
Administrative Reforms in Bangladesh
In response to economic, institutional and ideological
changes, as well as criticisms of inefficient and costly public
sectors, public sector reform has become an international
phenomenon [2,3]. As part of these reforms, a paradigm
of public sector management known as new public
management (NPM) has emerged in OECD (Organisa-
tion for Economic Co-operation and Development)
countries and elsewhere [3-5]. Therefore, the New Public
Management (NPM) can be defined as a management
philosophy used by governments since the 1980s to
modernize the public sector. It is a broad and very
complex term used to describe the wave of public sector
*
Corresponding author.
Copyright © 2013 SciRes. IB