Lupus (2019) 0, 1–6 journals.sagepub.com/home/lup LUPUS AROUND THE WORLD The clinical characteristics of systemic lupus erythematosus patients in Indonesia: a cohort registry from an Indonesia-based tertiary referral hospital L Hamijoyo 1,2 , S Candrianita 2 , AR Rahmadi 1 , S Dewi 1,2 , G Darmawan 2 , BS Suryajaya 2 , NR Rainy 2 , II Hidayat 2 , VN Moenardi 2 and RG Wachjudi 1,2 1 Department of Internal Medicine, University of Padjadjaran, Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia; and 2 Immunology Study Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia Introduction: To date, no national epidemiological data of systemic lupus erythematosus are available in Indonesia. Objective: We aimed to demonstrate clinical characteristics of systemic lupus erythematosus patients of the Dr Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, one of Indonesia’s top tertiary-referral hospitals. Method: We reviewed retrospective cohort data from the Hasan Sadikin Lupus Registry, which was created in January 2016. Initial retrospective data were collected from the medical records of systemic lupus erythematosus patients from 2008 to 2015 and enhanced the cohort data from January 2016 to December 2017. The records were analysed for age, sex, clinical manifestations, comorbidity, treatment and outcome. Results: Of 813 patients, 95.6% were females. Mean age at diagnosis was 27.7  9.4 years, with a mean disease duration of 76.5  53.1 months. Major clinical manifestations were arthritis (75.5%) and malar rash (68.3%). The majority of patients received steroid treatment, beside chloro- quine and azathioprine. In total, 93 patients (11.4%) developed tuberculosis, 522 patients (64.2%) had routine follow-up and 66 patients (8.1%) died. Infection was the most common cause of death (36.4%). Conclusion: Arthritis and malar rash were the most com- monly encountered clinical manifestations in the Hasan Sadikin Lupus Registry. Tuberculosis incidence in systemic lupus erythematosus patients was high, as was the mortality rate of lupus. Lupus (2019) 0, 1–6. Key words: Systemic lupus erythematosus; Indonesia; clinical characteristic; registry Introduction Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disorder with diverse clinical manifest- ations in numerous organ systems. SLE is more common in women than men, in which it predom- inantly affects the productive age population. 1 Due to its complexity, a systematic registry of SLE patients needs to be implemented, particularly in the top referral hospital. The registry includes basic demographic data of the patients, diagnostic criteria and clinical manifestations at the time of diagnosis, comorbidities (e.g. tuberculosis (TB)), complications, therapies and outcomes. To date, there are no available Indonesian epidemiological data of SLE. Thus, an SLE patient registry in Indonesia is a mandatory task. This study is the first comprehensive registry report of SLE patients in Indonesia. The main objective of our study was to demon- strate the clinical characteristics of SLE patients in the rheumatology clinic of a top, provincial tertiary-referral hospital in Bandung. Methods Population West Java is one of the most densely populated provinces in Indonesia, with a population of 48.68 Correspondence to: Laniyati Hamijoyo, Department of Internal Medicine, Immunology Study Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Padjadjaran, Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Pasteur 38, Sukajadi, Bandung, West Java 40161, Indonesia. Email: hamijoyo@yahoo.com Received 25 February 2019; accepted 3 September 2019 ! The Author(s), 2019. Article reuse guidelines: sagepub.com/journals-permissions 10.1177/0961203319878499