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CENTRAL ASIAN JOURNAL OF LITERATURE,
PHILOSOPHY AND CULTURE
Volume: 03 Issue: 06 Jun 2022
On Linguistic Politeness Theory: Robin Lakoff’s Theory of Politeness,
Brown and Levinson’s Theory of Politeness, Geoffrey Leech’s Theory
of Politeness
Ruziyeva Nilufar Xafizovna
An assistant teacher, Bukhara State University
nilufarruziyeva7@gmail.com
Received 19
th
Apr 2022, Accepted 15
th
May 2022, Online 8
th
Jun 2022
ANNOTATION
Linguistic politeness has occupied a central place in the social study of language; even it has been the subject
of intensive debate in sociolinguistics and pragmatics. A lot of linguistic scholars have carried out studies on
linguistic politeness in a wide range of cultures. As a result, several theories have been proposed on linguistic
politeness and have been established as scholarly concept. The major aim of this paper is to review the
literature on linguistic politeness as a technical term. It will present some of the most widely used models of
linguistic politeness in literature. It also tries to gloss the basic tenets of different theoretical approaches, the
distinctive features of one theory versus another. There are some concepts of politeness that will become the
subject of discussion of this article. These concepts are proposed by (1) Robin Lakoff, (2) Penelope Brown
and Steven Levinson (3) Geoffrey Leech.
KEYWORDS: politeness principle, Gricean maxims, Brown Levinson‟s theory of politeness, Lakoff‟s
pragmatic competence, a face-threatening act, Leech‟s theory of politeness, a universal Model Person, Leech‟s
central model of PP.
Introduction
We usually know for certain with what we mean when we describe someone‟s behavior as polite. Our usual
way of describing it is by giving examples of behavior, which we consider polite. For example, people
behave politely when they show respect towards their superiors; they are always helpful; they speak really
well or they use polite language etc. In English, polite language may be characterized by the use of indirect
speech, the use of respectful forms of address systems like, Sir, Madam, or the use of formulaic utterances
like, please, excuse me, sorry, thank you, etc.
Robin Lakoff’s Theory of Politeness
Robin Lakoff was associated in the late 1960s with the development of a semantic based model of generative
grammar commonly refer to as „generative semantics‟ and with the possible integration of speech act theory
into generative models of language. The positive impact of Grice‟s cooperative principle has shifted Lakoff‟s