Open Access ISSN: 2161-0703
Journal of
Medical Microbiology & Diagnosis
Research Article
Volume 10:2, 2021
Factors Influencing Fully Vaccination Coverage among
Children Aged 12 to 23 Months in Debre Markos Town,
Amhara Region, Ethiopia, 2018
Abstract
Introduction: One of the most important and cost-effective public health interventions to reduce child mortality and morbidity is vaccination. Despite a continued
global effort in providing vaccinations, there are still cases of inadequate vaccination coverage especially in low-income countries. With the high under-five
mortality in Ethiopia (67 deaths per 1,000 live births), only 38.5% of the children (12 to 23 months) had received all the recommended vaccines. Hence, the
purpose of this study was to assess factors influencing fully vaccination coverage among children aged 12 to 23 months in Debre Markos town.
Methods: A community based cross-sectional study was employed among 389 children aged 12-23 months in Debre Markos town from January 1, 2018
to February 1, 2018. Systematic random sampling technique was used to select the study participants. Data was collected using face to face interviewer
administered structured questionnaires. Then, the collected data was entered, coded and cleaned into EPI Data version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 20.0
for data analysis. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression was done to assess the association of factors with full vaccination coverage. Adjusted odds ratios
with 95% confidence intervals were calculated, and p-values<0.05 were considered to indicate statistical significance.
Results: This study revealed that fully vaccination coverage among children aged 12 to 23 months was 76.9%. Fully vaccination coverage was significantly
associated with women’s level of education (AOR=1.2, 95%CI (1.41-2.42), place of delivery of the index child (AOR=3.28, 95%CI (1.38-3.67), maternal knowledge
on vaccine and vaccine preventable disease (AOR=4.12, 95%CI (3.0-10.6) and ANC service utilization (AOR=5.04, 95%CI (1.35-12.06).
Conclusion: Fully vaccination coverage among children aged 12 to 23 months in the studied area was low. Therefore, health extension workers should work
on improvements in women’s educational status, encourage mothers to have ANC follow-up and institutional delivery and they should discuss vaccination with
mothers in order to improve their knowledge on vaccine preventable disease and the advantage of complete vaccination services.
Keywords: Vaccination • Full vaccination • Children aged 12 to 23 months
Wassachew Ashebir* and Yimenu Belachew
Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
*Address for Correspondence: Ashebir Wassachew, Department of Medicine
and Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia, Tel:
2515877116-46, E-mail: ashebirwase@gmail.com
Copyright: © 2021 Ashebir W, et al. This is an open-access article distributed
under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits
unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the
original author and source are credited.
Received: January 25, 2021 ; Accepted: February 09, 2021 ; Published: February
16, 2021
Introduction
One of the most important and cost-effective public health
interventions to reduce child mortality and morbidity is vaccination [1].
Existing evidences showed that children who receive all appropriate
vaccinations in each immunization schedules are less likely to die than
those who do not [2]. Globally, it is estimated that as many as 2.5 million
deaths among under 5 children are averted annually by vaccination
against diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, and measles. For the prevention
and control of this Vaccine Preventable Diseases (VPD), improving
access to and utilization of routine vaccination services as a best option
is unquestionable. However, one-fifth of the world’s children about 22.4
million infants are not immunized against these fatal diseases. As a
result, an estimated 1.5 million children died each year from vaccine-
preventable diseases [3]. Most of these preventable deaths in children
occur in low and middle-income countries [4].
Despite a continued global effort in providing vaccinations,
there are still cases of inadequate vaccination coverage especially
in reaching those at high risk: the poorest, most disadvantaged
and remote communities. In addition, the coverage in low-income
countries remains significantly below the levels in middle and high-
income countries [5]. Globally, in 2016, an estimated 19.5 million
infants were not reached with routine vaccination services such as
DTP3 vaccine. Around 60% of these children live in 10 countries [6].
In Africa, only 71% of African infants receive the full series of three
doses of the Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis vaccine (DTP3). Among
sub-Saharan countries surveyed, full childhood vaccination coverage
varies widely from only 23% in Chad to 99% in Mauritius [7]. Although
estimated global routine measles vaccination coverage reached 86%
in 2016, nearly 23.2 million children were unvaccinated, of which
15.3 million (65%) resides in eight countries mainly in Africa [6].
In low-income countries, increasing access to complete
vaccination service has been a primary concern of public health
importance both at global and national contexts. However, meeting
high and equitable coverage remains questionable in low-income
countries. Despite the availability of vaccines and the efforts of
governments and their partners’ in Sub-Saharan Africa, mortality rate
of children under the age of five years remains the highest [8].
Ethiopia is not different for this scenario in that, a substantial
number of deaths and morbidities among fewer than five years of
age children in the country are due to vaccine-preventable diseases.