IP Indian Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Research 2020;6(2):90–95 Content available at: iponlinejournal.com IP Indian Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Research Journal homepage: www.innovativepublication.com Original Research Article Cephalometric norms for north indian population using burstone analysis Sumit Kumar Yadav 1, *, Achla Bharti Yadav 2 1 Dept. of Orthodontics & Dentofacial Orthopedics, D J College of Dental Sciences & Research, Modinagar, Uttar Pradesh, India 2 Dept. Oral Pathology & Microbiology, D J College of Dental Sciences & Research, Modinagar, Uttar Pradeh, India ARTICLE INFO Article history: Received 18-05-2020 Accepted 22-05-2020 Available online 27-05-2020 Keywords: burrstone analysis cephalometric orthodontist population ABSTRACT Background: Cephalometric norms are extremely useful to the orthodontist for providing guidance during diagnosis and treatment planning. But they are subjected to variability in morphologic characteristics in different ethnic and racial groups. Materials and Methods:The study was conducted on 76 subjects of 18-28 years of age with class I occlusion with acceptable facial profile. Standardized lateral cephalograms were taken in a natural head position and analyzed. Results: North Indians exhibit increased facial convexity, greater mandibular prognathism, more obtuse lower face- throat angle and greater amount of upper lip - lower lip protrusion. Males showing larger cranial base length, vertical positioning and length of maxilla, ramal length, and the chin prominence. On dental analysis, females tend to have lesser proclined anterior teeth. Conclusion: The present study was an attempt to provide better knowledge of facial morphology in the North Indians hence a comprehensive treatment planning can be done based on the norms derived for the correction of skeletal discrepancies. © 2020 Published by Innovative Publication. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) 1. Introduction Cephalometrics is a reliable and reproducible diagnostic technique. Numerous osseous cephalometric analyses were developed to diagnose and plan treatment. By placing the skeletal parts within the range of skeletal cephalometric norms of normal individual’s best facial balance and best facial harmony would be achieved. 1 A number of investigators noticed the variation of the craniofacial morphology in different ethnic groups. 2 Richardson defined the term “ethnic group” as a “nation or population with a common bond such as geographical boundary, a culture or language, or being racially or historically related”. 2 It is apparent from the information gathered that the widely studied Caucasian norms developed by the use of numerous cephalometric analyses were inadequate for * Corresponding author. E-mail address: sky20083@gmail.com (S. K. Yadav). application to different racial or ethnic groups. 2 Normal values for Cephalometric analysis of dental and facial form have been extensively developed for North American and Northwestern European populations. A specialized cephalometric appraisal for orthognathic surgery (COGS), was developed at the University of Connecticut by Burstone and Legan. 3 Normal values for Cephalometric analysis of dental and facial form have been extensively developed for North American and Northwestern European populations. 4–9 Though widely used worldwide but limited data is available for North Indian population. These analyses have been extensively used for research 10–14 and in treatment planning for orthgnathic surgery. Therefore, the present study was designed to derive the normal Cephalometric norms of the normal, well balanced and esthetically pleasing faces from the adult North Indian population which will be useful in providing racially specific values for diagnosis and treatment planning for https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijodr.2020.020 2581-9356/© 2020 Innovative Publication, All rights reserved. 90