Enhancement of material properties of titanium alloys through heat treatment process: A brief review Jitupan Sarma, Ramanuj Kumar ⇑ , Ashok Kumar Sahoo, Amlana Panda School of Mechanical Engineering, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar 24, Odisha, India article info Article history: Received 29 March 2019 Received in revised form 23 April 2019 Accepted 10 May 2019 Available online xxxx Keywords: Heat treatment Titanium alloy Annealing Aging treatment Thermochemical treatment abstract In present days due to the growing demand for titanium and its alloys with enhanced physical and chem- ical properties, many researchers are taking a keen interest regarding improvement in heat treatment processes to meet the present demands. Current work reports a brief literature review on the effects of different heat treatment processes on the mechanical, micro-structural and biological properties of dif- ferent titanium alloys. Moreover, this also describes the role of heat treatments processes such as solution treating, surface treatment, annealing, aging, and thermo-chemical treatment on the titanium properties. Ó 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Selection and peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the International Confer- ence on Recent Advances in Materials, Manufacturing & Energy Systems. 1. Introduction The Titanium is one of the most abundant metals on the earth. Titanium alloys are commonly used in the shipping industry, chemical and medical industries due to its outstanding corrosion resistance, higher specific strength, and cryogenic properties. A huge amount of heat is generated during the machining of Tita- nium alloys due to its low machinability and thermal conductivity. Due to low modulus of elasticity, high machining temperature and chemical reactions at the tool-workpiece interface, it is termed as hard to machine material [1]. Titanium alloys are commonly used in the automobile industry. Critical parts of automobiles engine, heat exchangers, chassis components, parts of exhaust gas system are being manufactured using Titanium alloy. Middle strength Titanium alloys are used in the shipping industry to manufacture propulsion shafts, main casing and parts of hydraulic pumps. A high-quality alloy of Titanium is used to manufacture the thin- walled pipes of condensers, thin pipers of heat exchangers and mufflers of diesel engines in submarines [2]. High-quality titanium alloys have the capability to operate for a long time even at a tem- perature above 600 °C. This type of alloys is mainly used in the manufacturing of supersonic fighter aircraft, compressors blades, housing and casing parts of fans and turbine disks of jet engines [3,4]. Titanium alloy is widely used in medical instruments and medical implants due to its biocompatibility and high corrosion resistance capability. By using different heat treatment techniques various protective oxide layer can be formed over its surface, which makes it capable to withstand chemical attacks from biolog- ical environments. Because of its high strength to weight ratio and nontoxic properties, Ti-6Al-4V is mostly used in medical implants and other surgical tools [5,6]. Many researchers conducted various studies to find new tita- nium alloys with superior mechanical and chemical properties. Many researchers found that the mechanical and chemical proper- ties of titanium alloys can be altered by the implementation of proper heat treatment. Thermochemical treatments significantly influence the alloy properties and this procedure modifies the macrostructure and microstructure of the alloy. Hence, the main purpose of heat treatment and thermochemical treatment is to convert an initial microstructure into the desired microstructure which inhabits a proper balance of properties required for a given purpose or application [7]. The main objective of thermo- mechanical processing is to generate the desired change in the micro and macrostructure of the alloy by heating it to a particular temperature and time duration, followed by properly controlled cooling [8]. The exceptional corrosion resistance quality of tita- nium in many environments can be further improved by tuning its bulk composition and surface properties. Surface treatments like thermal or anodization or chemical oxidation and bulk treatments are used to enhance the mechanical properties of tita- nium [9]. In this present review paper, efforts are been made to https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2019.05.409 2214-7853/Ó 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Selection and peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the International Conference on Recent Advances in Materials, Manufacturing & Energy Systems. ⇑ Corresponding author. E-mail address: ramanujkumar22@gmail.com (R. Kumar). Materials Today: Proceedings xxx (xxxx) xxx Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Materials Today: Proceedings journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/matpr Please cite this article as: J. Sarma, R. Kumar, A. K. Sahoo et al., Enhancement of material properties of titanium alloys through heat treatment process: A brief review, Materials Today: Proceedings, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2019.05.409