© 2019 JETIR May 2019, Volume 6, Issue 5 www.jetir.org (ISSN-2349-5162) JETIR1905X56 Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR) www.jetir.org 473 Rapid In Vitro Antifungal Property Assessment of Organic and Aqueous Extracts of Ganoderma lucidum Against Human Pathogenic Fungus of Aspergillus niger 1* Nagendra Kumar Chandrawanshi, 2 Shivangi Shukla 1 Assistant Professor, 2 Student 1 School of Studies in Biotechnology, 2 School of Biological and Chemical Sciences 1 PT. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, India, 2 MATS University, Raipur, India 1* Corresponding Author E-Mail: chandrawanshi11@gmail.com Abstract: G. lucidum is commonly known as ‘Reishi.’ It has a variety of bioactive compounds. Aspergillus niger is common fungi, categorized with GRAS (generally recognized as safe) status by food and drug administration. However, due to its cosmopolitan nature, human beings get frequently exposed to spores and vegetative forms of A.niger. Mushroom has a wide diversity of bioactive components; the compound extraction process has an essential selection of suitable solvents for particular bioactive products for higher targetted efficiency activity. The present study took various organic and aqueous mediums for extract preparation. The rapid in vitro antifungal activity was analyzed. Among them, ethanolic extracts have shown potential, followed by other solvents in normal water, methanol, chloroform, and hot water. The current study result interpreted that owing to the new attraction to the properties of new antifungal products like fighting multidrug-resistant fungus. It is essential to develop a better understanding of the current methods available for screening and quantifying the antifungal effect of an extract or a pure compound for its applications in human health. IndexTerms - Reishi, bioactive compounds, good solvent, in vitro, antifungal activity. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________ I. INTRODUCTION The increasing rate of newly appearing fungal pathogens causes many diseases in humans and plants. Though there are a huge variety of drugs that are used for treatment. Pathogenic fungi produce an undesired product, cause unacceptable effects, or are very toxic to the host body, such as Amphotericin B; some, like Azoles. However, the entrance of these new pathogens gives rise to both primary and secondary drug resistance. So there is a huge need for the upcoming generation to be safer and more potent antifungal agents. One approach can be made to identify some photoactive bio-compound from medicinal plants, mushrooms, or some alternatives that can be directly used as antifungal agents or as templates for drug development (Suresh et al., 2010). Traditional tribal communities, native peoples, and the eastern world have used plants, spices, and fungi for thousands of years as therapeutic agents. For the past few years, attention has turned to extracts of medicinal plants and biologically active compounds used in traditional herbal medicine to uncover the scientific basis of their remedial effects and to seek new lead compounds for development into therapeutic drugs. Many previous kinds of research have been carried out on fungi, determining their ability to mobilize the body’s humoral immunity and prevent bacterial, viral, or fungal pathogens that are resistant to current therapeutic agents. Fungi are well known for producing important antibiotic compounds, potential antimicrobial sources in the fungi group class known as the Basidiomycetes family. Fungi are different from macrofungi from a diverse point. Macrofungi grow luxuriant and are found in many parts of the world (Smith, 1963). The most common group of macrofungi is mushrooms. Edible and medicinal mushrooms are used as food and also used to treat many human diseases against bacteria, yeast, fungi, parasites, and tumors (Chang et al., 2004; Majeed et al., 2017). The study of macrofungi, having edibility and medicinal property, still need to be studied (Jonathan & Fasidi, 2003). G. lucidum is a well-known mushroom species used in traditional medicine. It has prompted scientists worldwide to undertake mass cultivation and production of the bioactive metabolites of this fungus. It produces several functional metabolites with biological activity, such as polysaccharides, proteins, and trace elements. It might explain some of the observed medicinal properties. It is also known as lingzhi, reishi, and yeonghi (Shahid et al., 2016). The extracts of G.lucidium contain bacteriolytic enzymes, lysozyme, and acid protease, which show antimicrobial effects (Hoque et al., 2015). In the present study, taking potent diseases-causing fungi, A.niger, is commonly regarded as a pathogenic allergen. They are generally associated with a lung infection in individuals with a weak immune system because conidia and conidiophores are small, readily airborne, can easily breathe in, and cause deep or systemic mycosis. The ear is the location of this infection grows and multiplies. Various laboratory methods can evaluate or screen the in vitro antifungal activity of an extract or a pure compound. The most known and basic methods are the disk-diffusion and broth or agar dilution methods (Alves et al., 2013). Numerous methods are appropriate for the in vitro antimicrobial property analysis, such as the disk diffusion method, agar well diffusion technique, micro dilution techniques, etc. Among all the above methods maintained particular period incubation periods, a determination needs to determine the growth pattern of the tested microorganism. Some drawback posse in both techniques (disk and well diffusion, agar plate) microbial agents diffuses into agar and growth is shown. It is measured by inhibition growth diameter since the fungal growth inhibition does not mean fungal death. This method cannot distinguish between fungicidal and fungi static effects. Further, it is not appropriate to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) as it is impossible to quantify the amount of the antifungal agent diffused into the agar medium. Also, it is time-consuming as it takes around 7-9 days to complete the task (Balouiri et al., 2016). While the micro dilution method comprises micro dilutions of the extract in a liquid