Article Extending Evidence for Inter-Individual Differences in Social Comparison Orientation to Pay Fairness Evaluations Kimberly K. Merriman Manning School of Business, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA Atthaphon Mumi Mahasarakham Business School, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, Thailand Lauren A. Turner University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA Abstract This research extends the limited support for social comparison tendencies as an individual difference variable and a key moderator of pay fairness perceptions. Through three studies comprised of five data collections, the following adapts a measure of social comparison orientation to pay contexts and examines its associ- ation with heightened perceptions of distributive fairness in hypothetical and actual scenarios of pay equity, over-reward, and under-reward. In keeping with Gibbons and Buunk’s construal, our targeted operationalization of social comparison orientation demonstrated inter-individual variation and intra-individual stability, providing corroboration of distinct individual predispositions towards social comparison. Our experimental findings further support this point in that socially relative pay Corresponding Author: Kimberly K. Merriman, Manning School of Business, University of Massachusetts Lowell, One University Avenue, Lowell, MA 01854, USA. Email: kimberly_merriman@uml.edu Psychological Reports 0(0) 1–20 ! The Author(s) 2019 Article reuse guidelines: sagepub.com/journals-permissions DOI: 10.1177/0033294119849018 journals.sagepub.com/home/prx