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Copyright © Canadian Research & Development Center of Sciences and Cultures
ISSN 1927-0232 [Print]
ISSN 1927-0240 [Online]
www.cscanada.net
www.cscanada.org
Higher Education of Social Science
Vol. 21, No. 1, 2021, pp. 23-30
DOI:10.3968/12266
Women Trafcking, a Humanitarian Cancer in Edo State: A Profling Survey of
Factors From Non-Governmental Perspective
Tohebat Abiola Azeez
[a],*
; Gbeminiyi Kazeem Ogunbela
[b]
[a]
Department of Public Administration, Obafemi Awolowo University,
Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
[b]
Department of Public Administration, Federal Polytechnic Ilaro,
Nigeria.
*
Corresponding author.
Received 21 June 2021; accepted 15 August 2021
Published online 26 September 2021
Abstract
The Palermo Protocol established human trafficking
(including women trafficking) as a global humanitarian
crisis, as well, proposed the scope of intervention to
include collaborative non-governmental networks.
In Nigeria context, activities of Non-Governmental
Organisations (NGOs) in one of the Nigerian hotbed states
of women trafficking, Edo State, are more pronounced
especially in the area of reintegration and rehabilitation.
Despite these interventions, activities of women trafckers
have not been significantly curtailed, in view of this, it
was assumed that relevant NGOs in the state might be
treating symptoms instead of causes of the scourge. An
exploratory descriptive study was conducted to re-profle
factors enhancing the hydra-headedness of the menace
in the state. Data were collected from 129 feld operators
of relevant anti-women trafficking NGOs selected from
the capital city of the state, Benin City. Factors identifed
as drivers of women trafficking in the state include but
not limited to poverty, weak institutions, easy access to
internet, globalisation, and greediness of victim’s family.
In the end, it sufces that fnding lasting solution is more
to addressing the women exploitation in state, it goes
beyond reintegrating and rehabilitating victim of women
trafcking. Government at all level should redesign their
approach to favour social and economic policies as the
key instruments of state intervention against women
trafcking.
Key words: Women Trafficking; Edo; Non-
governmental networks; Factors; Palermo protocol
Azeez, T. b., & Ogunbela, G. K. (2021). Women Trafficking,
a Humanitarian Cancer in Edo State: A Profiling Survey
of Factors from Non-Governmental Perspective. Higher
Education of Social Science, 21 (1), 23-30. Available from: URL:
http://www.cscanada.net/index.php/hess/article/view/12266
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3968/12266
INTRODUCTION
The attainment of globalization and information age, no
doubt have produced series of desirable and undesirable
realities in the world. On a good note, globalization
enhanced communications and economic growth as the
world becomes one global village where businesses
are conducted freely. Just like a coin with two sides,
the world today also battles with a number of criminal
activities such as illicit transfer of fund, global terrorism,
internet fraud, illegal dealings and transfer of arms and
human trafficking (Human Right Watch, 2019). Human
trafcking continues to resonate at national, regional and
international conferences across countries, according to
Iroanya (2018) human trafficking is a social issue that
penetrates countries irrespective of boundaries or level of
development.
According to 2016 Global Slavery Index over
45.8 million individuals across the globe are currently
enslaved. An estimate of 6.25 million individuals is
enslaved in Sub-Sahara Africa. This makes up to 13.6%
of the total global population of modern slavery. Nigeria
is ranked number 23 in the world’s modern slavery with
an estimate of 875,000 people enslaved which is 0.48%
of the population (Global Slavery Index, 2016). Human
trafficking is a major predicament in Nigeria. Humans
are trafcked within and outside the shore of the country
for various purposes such as forced labour, forced
prostitution, organs implantation among others.
From international response context, the popular
Palermo Protocol preached collaboration between