INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR INNOVATIVE RESEARCH IN MULTIDISCIPLINARY FIELD ISSN: 2455-0620 Volume - 6, Issue - 4, Apr – 2020 Monthly, Peer-Reviewed, Refereed, Indexed Journal with IC Value: 86.87 Impact Factor: 6.497 Received Date: 11/04/2020 Acceptance Date: 22/04/2020 Publication Date: 30/04/2020 Available online on – WWW.IJIRMF.COM Page 245 Back to Basics: Understanding Hand Hygiene and Quarantine B. Suresh Lal Professor of Economics Department of Economics, Kakatiya University, Warangal-TS-India Email: lalbsuresh@gmail.com 1. INTRODUCTION: The human palm has been identified as one of the most productive habitats for social microbial accommodation making hand hygiene (HH) essential to primary prevention of infection. Since the hand is in constant contact with fomites which have been proven to be most contaminated, building hand hygiene habits is essential for the prevention of infection, Timothy (2019). Hand hygiene practices, as a critical component of infection prevention/control, were investigated among physiotherapists in an Ebola endemic region Ibeneme (2017). Recent experience with emerging infectious diseases has highlighted the role of isolation in outbreak settings. However, new studies have also emphasised the limitations, and even adverse effects, of isolation under certain circumstances Huanga (2014). Preventing the spread of Coronavirus (COVID-19) is almost impossible without clean water, decent sanitation and good hygiene. Currently, 785 million people globally lack access to clean water, and 2.3 billion are without safe, private toilets. In the poorest countries, almost half (45%) of health care facilities do not have clean water on site. One in five healthcare facilities (21%) globally do not provide decent toilets and one in six health care facilities have no handwashing facilities at all. Data shows that hygiene services, including the ability to wash hands with soap in healthcare facilities, are often lacking. For example, in Eastern and South-Eastern Asia, just one in three healthcare facilities (36%) had facilities to allow for handwashing with soap. Only one in four (27%) healthcare facilities in the least developed countries could safely dispose of medical waste. Handwashing has been shown to reduce cases of all respiratory diseases by 20% and diarrhoea by 30% and can help healthcare centres be better placed to support a response to an outbreak Emily (2020). Water is a foundation of life and livelihoods and is key to sustainable development. Successful water management will serve as a foundation for the achievement of many of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), as well as for SDG6- which is to 'Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all' Lal(2019). 1.1. PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Hand hygiene and Quarantine are beneficial, means of preventing the spread of pathogens in healthcare. Although the principle may be straightforward, this review highlights why, who and how hygiene, hand hygiene products, practices and, historical perspective. It focuses on Quarantine, history of quarantines and some of the recommendations regarding the implementation and efficacy of these interventions. 2. STUDIES ON HAND HYGIENE: Diseases that are carried in the air through coughing, sneezing or even breathing, such as measles, tuberculosis (TB), whooping cough and pneumonia. Today there are 12 million TB cases (an average of 70%). Over 1.2 million cases are added every year, and 37 000 cases of measles are reported every year Lal(2012). Personal hygiene includes different habits, i.e., washing hands and brushing teeth which keep bacteria, viruses and fungal, far away from our bodies. Moreover, these habits will help us to protect our mental health and activity. Also, good personal hygiene will help us to keep feeling good about ourselves. Since those who do not take care of their hygiene, i.e., dirty clothes, body odour and bad breath will suffer from discrimination, and this will mainly lead to mental problems. However, the most crucial point in this subject is that all people have their hygiene, but some people do it better than others, this mainly depends on each person's culture, society and family norm Lal(2016). Abstract: This paper focuses extremely significance of hand hygiene in the present day scenario to prevent the spread of contagious and the COVID-19 virus. It analysed hand hygiene, quarantine basics, issues of hand hygiene, hygiene products, practices, and how to wash hand. It also focused some historical perspective of health and Quarantine. Preventing the spread of Coronavirus (COVID-19) is possible with clean water, decent sanitation and good hygiene. Recent insights of hand hygiene proved that water is a foundation of life and livelihoods, and the daily practice of hand hygiene creates immense benefits, and it also provides proper recommendations. Key words: Hand hygiene, alcohol-based hand rub, quarantine, water, isolation.