Unplanned Settlement Enclave Amidst Private City Developments Edi Purwanto 1* , Rachman Sjarief 1 , Anil Dawan 1 , Issa Samichat Ismail Tafridj 2 , Mochammad Veldian Ardana 1 , Dhini Nur Oktiara 1 1 Department of Management & Jaya Launch Pad, Universitas Pembangunan Jaya, South Tangerang 15413 , Indonesia 2 Department of Architecture & Center for Urban Studies, Universitas Pembangunan Jaya, South Tangerang 15413, Indonesia Corresponding Author Email: edi.purwanto@upj.ac.id https://doi.org/10.18280/ijsdp.160412 ABSTRACT Received: 8 March 2021 Accepted: 2 July 2021 The purpose of this research is to discover the factors which create the bonding social capital strengthening the relationship amongst Lengkong Kyai residents, Tangerang Regency, Banten, Indonesia. This research employs the qualitative method by triangulating primary data collected from in-depth interviews with local community leaders and public figures, field observation, and secondary data in the form of video recording, journalistic publications, and scientific journals from previous researches. The result shows that historical legacy, maintenance strategy, implantation of cultural, religious, and spiritual beliefs values, shared identity, as well as a relationship based on mutual trust are the factors contributing to the bonding social capital amongst Lengkong Kyai Residents. The novelty of this research is pointing out that policymakers, developers, even capitalist-oriented academicians often neglect the existence of bonding social capital in the development of urban settlements. This neglect often creates tension between kampong enclave’s residents and housing developers. Coexisting and mutual respect becomes important in building bridging and linking social capital between kampong residents, housing developers, local government, and private city dwellers. Keywords: unplanned settlement, enclave settlement, urban residence, social capital, private cities 1. INTRODUCTION The rapid urbanisation and migration rate to metropolitan such as Greater Jakarta has become an opportunity for real estate companies to develop housing in and around Jakarta. Real estate developers generated new cities in Greater Jakarta or more commonly known as Jabodetabek (Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, Bekasi), for example in the city of South Tangerang. New town or private city development is an escape from the high density of the metropolitan, aside from the intensifying and extensifying urban policies [1]. The spread of housing development also forms many private cities in and around Jakarta. Presently, there are at least 23 private cities in Greater Jakarta area [2]. There are several factors affecting the emergence of gated communities and private cities. These factors can be dichotomised into structural and individual factors. The structural factors are: (1) the increase of inequality and social polarity, (2) the influx of foreign investment and imitation of foreign styles, (3) the government withdrawing from providing various services, and (5) the high crime rate in the urban areas. The individual factors of gated community are (1) the increase of personal fear of crime, (2) individuals searching for better lifestyle (free from noise, pollution, and seeking privacy), (3) individuals searching for communities with similar socio-economical standing, (4) social homogeneity, (5) improved social status [2]. The widespread development of private cities requires a vast area or land, most of which are bought amicably from initial landowners. However, in several cases, a group of native residents may not be willing to sell their parcels of land, which results in the enclave settlement phenomenon where these collection of parcels of land are wedged in the middle of a large scale urban housing development [1]. Failing land deals with village residents, strong bonding social capital among neighbours and relatives, the longstanding heritage of history and identity are the factors preventing village residents from moving out of their homes, which eventually create kampong enclaves amidst the private city developments [1]. Ischak [1] call the kampong as native unplanned settlement and modern housing as new planned settlement. Kampong enclave phenomena amidst private city and modern housing development, were internally created by the strength of social solidarity among the kampong residents, built on a long history of communality. This solidarity is a form of boding social capital [3]. This research aims to unearth the factors creating bonding social capital among kampong residents which safeguard the kampong settlement and its cultural heritage in Lengkong Kyai, South Tangerang. 2. LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Kampong enclave The phenomenon of kampong enclave appeared when housing developers acquiesced large scale of land to create new town and planned settlements. Several kampong or villages which have existed for generations may collectively reject the land acquisition process. When the other parcels International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning Vol. 16, No. 4, August, 2021, pp. 723-729 Journal homepage: http://iieta.org/journals/ijsdp 723