International Journal of Social Sciences (IJSS) Vol.5, No.1, 2015 35 Factors Affecting the Development of Marginalization and its Social Consequences in Birjand Rostam Saberifar 1 Associate Professor, Department of Geography, Payam-e Noor University, Tehran Received 23 January 2015 Revised 8 February 2015 Accepted 18 March 2015 Abstract: Outbreak of security, hygienic, and … problems has caused civil managers of Birjand to realize the existence of marginalization phenomenon within the city; and seek to detect the procedure of development and organization, specially descending social consequences of this issue. The research is descriptive and applicable and is implemented to target the detection of the effective factors on forming of marginalization and its specific consequences (especially social issues). Rule-based sampling of hidden populations, a sample of 300 people is selected and after data collection this sample gets developed to 400 increase the level confidence and accuracy. The required data is collected through the verified questionnaire which its perpetuity and validity were assigned. These data are analyzed within descriptive and inferential statistics, especially single variable K- square tests. The results showed that immigration from the villages which have lost their productive resources caused by different criteria, especially drought, is the most important factor for creating and developing of marginalized areas in the city. Concerning social consequences of this issue should be argued that there is a connection between the intensity of marginalization and increase of relative deprivation of marginalized people; that finally leads to spread of poverty in marginalized areas. Keywords: Marginalization, culture of poverty, relative deprivation; Birjand, Iran. Introduction Cities attract more capitals and facilities as continue to expand. Instead the villages will daily experience more problems which were faced with increasing population and fixed manufacturing resources at their disposal. When the conditions are along with environmental crises such as drought, desertification and combined, they have no choice but to migrate villagers and their living on the fringes of the big cities. The situation is much worse in some areas has become increasingly manifest. For example, South Khorasan is of the provinces which facing with several environmental problems. This situation has annually caused a significant number of villages to lose their productive conditions and facilities and their population move to the cities especially Birjand as the largest urban area in this region. The group was forced to set in poor and marginal areas in order to escape from poverty and the use of services and facilities, and caused a dual culture living in these areas. In other words, in the splendid city with all the facilities and is set on the other side who are deprived of basic services. This condition causes until the duality is not thought to choice, both challenging and unsafe conditions to survive. Although the phenomenon of marginalization in Birjand exists for years, until recently this was not acceptable to the authorities. However, the data and information were provided by various agencies (Police, Welfare Organization, etc.) indicate the problems of security, health; drugs, etc. have been severely in some parts of the city. For this reason, the necessity of investigation the process of marginalization and the various implications of the scientific point of view were emphasized. Therefore, the present study was conducted in conjunction with the marginal settler’s Birjand income. The purpose of this study is to describe some of the most important aspects of the development, spread and consequences of marginalization in Birjand are to be analyzed. Research Background In relation to different aspects of interest in the study, three different issues should be considered in their historical context. The first problem is the margin and slums. In this case it must be said that the investigation of the use of the concept of marginalization to explain the phenomenon of migration to the cities and informal settlements, that it was backed to writings of Robert Park and Everett Stone (kazemi, 1980, 4). In this research we investigate the 1 Email: saberifar@yahoo.com