Full length article Networking for IoT and applications using existing communication technology Sankar Mukherjee ⇑ , G.P. Biswas Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School Of Mines), Dhanbad, Jharkhand, India article info Article history: Received 24 March 2017 Revised 9 November 2017 Accepted 25 November 2017 Available online xxxx Keywords: MANET WSN IoT BLE RFID MAC Routing EXI CoAP abstract Converging of MANET with WSN used in ubiquitous smart environments opens new prospect in monitor- ing the large scale urban area and makes a new communication platform for different applications in Internet of Things (IoT) domain. Sensors used for IoT applications, sense the environment and send the data to the gateway node, which in turn send the collected data to the MANET node, especially used for data harvesting. Here we considered two IoT applications which are monitored by wireless sensor nodes. The challenging part of this work is to make a platform by converging sensor network with the MANET network because nodes have different power levels, heterogeneous protocols and have chances of co-channel interferences. We proposed a total solution which includes network protocols, spectrum distribution, node deployment, MANET routing and mobility pattern and finally implementation of the IoT applications which are simulated using Omnet++ simulator and shown their performances and feasibility. Ó 2017 Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Faculty of Computers and Information, Cairo University. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). 1. Introduction A recent paradigm of communication which popularly known as Internet of Things (IoT), where all the objects of different kinds of our daily life spanning from smart phones, sensors or devices are associated with network enabled objects (like RFID) can communi- cate with each other and makes a part of Internet. The main aim of IoT is to make Internet more and more inspiring and pervasive. By connecting wide variety of heterogeneous devices and making easy access of the devices, several applications are being used in IoT, which deals with the large number of data generated by the attached devices and make some decisions which is very important for the industry or control the attached devices based on the generated data. There is a huge use of IoT in several domains like medical aids, home automation, industrial automation, mobile health care, electricity transmission and distribution etc. Now a day smart cities are one of the emerging domain of IoT, where researchers are proposing several communication models and standards and provide some applications which facilitate the resid- ing citizens by enhancing their everyday standard of life. With the advancement of communication technology and microcontroller technology, Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) plays an important role in IoT. Sensor nodes, which are very tiny low cost devices, can sense different parameters in the environment, it can store data in its memory temporarily and can communicate with other electronics devices by using communication technology like IEEE802.15.4 or Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE). On the other hand RFID tag is also a useful device in IoT, which is used to identify an object attached with a RFID tag. In our work, MANET plays a vital function, which is used as the backbone of the IoT network. Due to its inherent properties, the MANET nodes can build spontaneous connections with other nodes without the need of any infrastructure. MANET nodes can move around the IoT network and collect data from the sensors, RFID attached nodes, or any fixed Wireless nodes. Thereafter it can pro- cess the data and send it to the Internet gateway through some intermediate MANET nodes. The MANET nodes use the efficient path to reach one of the available Internet gateways. Like sensor nodes, MANET nodes can be used as key technologies in several applications in IoT. Due to the nature of self-configuring, MANET https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eij.2017.11.002 1110-8665/Ó 2017 Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Faculty of Computers and Information, Cairo University. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). ⇑ Corresponding author. E-mail addresses: sankar_mukherjee2000@yahoo.co.in (S. Mukherjee), gpbiswas@gmail.com (G.P. Biswas). Peer review under responsibility of Faculty of Computers and Information, Cairo University. Production and hosting by Elsevier Egyptian Informatics Journal xxx (2017) xxx–xxx Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Egyptian Informatics Journal journal homepage: www.sciencedirect.com Please cite this article in press as: Mukherjee S, Biswas GP. Networking for IoT and applications using existing communication technology. Egyptian Infor- matics J (2017), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eij.2017.11.002