Urinary imaging findings in young infants with bacteremic urinary tract infection. Fatma S Alzhrani 1* , Fayza Al Siny 1 , Yaser S Bamshmous 1 , Sarah A Radwan 2 , Bashair S Alotaibi 3 , Haneen S Almalki 3 , Dhuha A Alhumaidi 3 , 1 Department of Paediatrics, College of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia 2 Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia 3 Faculty of Medicine, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia Abstract Background: The Urinary Tract Infection (UTIs) is one of the most widely acquired bacterial infections in infants. UTI sometimes accompanied by bacteremia. Bacteremia is characterising as the development of a pathogen within the blood culture. Imaging tests, such as a Renal Ultrasound (RUS) and Avoiding Cystourethrogram (VCUG) use to diagnose UTIs. Aim: We aimed to describe RUS and VCUG findings in young infants with bacteremic urinary tract infection and to determine the association between imaging findings and other variables at a tertiary hospital in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Methods: We retrospectively studied the medical records of 30 infants from both genders who had diagnosed with bacteremic UTIs at a tertiary hospital in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Infants were excluded if they had known urologic abnormalities at the time of presentation, required intensive unite care and infants with immunocompromised diseases. Data was analyzed by SPSS program. Results: Of the 30 infants, 70% were boys, 50% aged from 0-3 months while the other 50% aged >3 months, 14 (46.7%) were Saudis while 16 (53.3%) were non-Saudis, 61.1% were non-febrile, 58.62% had standard creatinine value. All infants 100% underwent RUS, 96.2% of them had RUS abnormalities (18 males and seven females) while only 3.8% (1 male) had typical RUS result. 37.9% of infants underwent VCUG, 18.2% (2 miles) of them had normal VCUG, while the majority 81.8% (7 males and two females) had abnormal findings. 17.9% presented with VUR. There was no significant association between RUS results with sex, age group, creatinine value and urine cultures. On another hand, there was a significant association between RUS abnormal result and blood culture. Also, no significant association found between VCUG results with sex, age group, creatinine, blood and urine cultures. Conclusion: In conclusion, the prevalence of RUS and VCUG abnormality in our cohort found to be higher than other studies. There was a significant association between RUS finding and blood culture results; on another hand, there was no significant association between RUS and VCUG findings with other variables that could suggest bacteremic risk in UTI infants. Keywords: Bacteremic Urinary Tract Infection (UTIs), Young infants, Urinary imaging. Accepted on January 15th, 2020 Introduction Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) is one of the most widely acquired bacterial infections in infants [1]. UTI sometimes accompanied by bacteremia. Bacteremia is characterized as the development of a pathogen within the blood culture [2]. The signs and symptoms of UTI are nonspecific all over infancy [3]. Imaging tests, such as a Renal Ultrasound (RUS) and avoiding cystourethrogram (VCUG) use to diagnose UTIs [1]. Urine White Blood Cell (WBC) thresholds have advocated for the diagnosis of probable UTI among infants [4]. About 31% of infants with UTI diagnosed with bacteremia [2]. The main parameter that was consistently found as a risk factor for bacteremia is a young age [2]. Chang PW, 2016, conducted a retrospective study to describe the findings and to specify the predictors of abnormal Renal Ultrasound (RUS) and Voiding Cystourethrogram (VCUG) imaging in young infants with bacteremic UTI. The study involved 276 infants, 19 excluded. The other 257 infants, 254 went through a RUS, and 224 went through a VCUG. The study found that the bacteremia in bacteremic UTI had no particular findings nor special considerations in imaging. Also, not Escherichia coli (E.coli) infection was associated with both abnormal RUS and abnormal VCUG [5]. On the other hand, Honkanen, et al. prospectively studied the clinical characteristics of bacteremic urinary tract infection (UTI) in children. The study population of 134 patients with bacteremic UTI divided into three age groups: Infants from 1 week to 3 months old; infants from 3 to 11 months past; and children ≥ 12 months old with a comparison group of 134 age- Curr Pediatr Res2021; 25 (1): 328-330 ISSN 0971-9032 www.currentpediatrics.com Curr Pediatr Res 2021 Volume 25 Issue 1 328