East African Scholars Multidisciplinary Bulletin Abbreviated Key Title: East African Scholars Multidiscip Bull ISSN 2617-4413 (Print) | ISSN 2617-717X (Online) Published By East African Scholars Publisher, Kenya Volume-5 | Issue-3 | Mar-2022 | DOI: 10.36349/easjmb.2022.v05i03.001 *Corresponding Author: Aisha Saleem 24 M. Phil Researcher, School of Zoology, Minhaj University Lahore, Pakistan Original Research Article Pattern of Drug Resistance in Isolates of Staphylococcus Aureus from Hospitalized Patients Irum Naureen 1 , Aisha Saleem 2* , Kishwar Shaheen 2 , Muhammad Aleem Sadiq 2 , Muhammad Ahmed 2 , Saba Parveen 2 , Mehvish Naureen 2 , Amina Zulfiqar 2 , Muhammad Ali Anwer 2 1 Assistant Professor, School of Zoology, Minhaj University Lahore, Pakistan 2 M. Phil Researcher, School of Zoology, Minhaj University Lahore, Pakistan Article History Received: 23.01.2022 Accepted: 28.02.2022 Published: 04.03.2022 Journal homepage: https://www.easpublisher.com Quick Response Code Abstract: Staphylococcus aureus is a non motile, non spore- forming gram positive bacterium that causes a wide range of infections such as endocardatis, skin infections, bacteraemia, sepsis and food poisoning. The objective of this study is to evaluate the pattern of drug resistance of staphylococcus aureus in different type of samples that were taken from different wards (emergency and OPD) of the hospital. In this study we analyzed 40 isolates were obtained on blood agar and tryptic soy agar. Identification of the isolates was carried out by catalase test as well as methicillin resistance. Confirmed staphylococcus aureus isolates were analyzed for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. In our study the isolates from patients, particularly are frequently resistance to multiple antimicrobial agents more than 90% of staphylococcus aureus isolates were resistance to cefalothin, erythromycin and 80% are resistance to vancomycin. Our findings showed that MRSA isolates were coming from the community as indicated by hospital ward types, that even with no prolonged hospital stays the patients coming from the community were carrying MRSA strains. Keywords: Staphylococcus aureus, skin infections, bacteraemia, cefalothin. Copyright © 2022 The Author(s): This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium for non-commercial use provided the original author and source are credited. INTRODUCTION Staphylococcus is a facultative anaerobic bacterium that related to a family staphylococcaceae [1]. Staphylococcus aureus is a catalase, coagulase, non- spore forming, non –motile gram-positive bacteria arranged in cluster that is 0.5 to 1μm in diameter [2]. Staphylococcus aureus found in both hospital and community environment that causes a high range of infections like skin infections, endocardatis, urinary tract infections, respiratory tract infections, bacteraemia, sepsis and food poisoning [3]. Staphylococcus aureus grow well at an optimum temperature ranging from 7 to 48C, pH 4.2 to 9.3 and sodium chloride concentration as high as15% NaCl [4]. Staphylococcus aureus can be transmitted from person to person, contaminated equipment, or by air bubbles [5]. Almost 30% of normal healthy people are affected by Staphylococcus aureus because it asymptomatically emphasize the skin of human host [6] Staphylococcus aureus produces a number of toxins that causes various types of diseases, ranging from mild skin infection to systemic, life threatening diseases. Toxins that can produce by Staphylococcus aureus are enterotoxins, toxic shock syndrome toxin and scalded skin syndrome [7]. Plasmids of Staphylococcus aureus carry virulence and resistance genes that can be brutish through Staphylococcus aureus population by horizontal gene transfer. Pathogenic islands are involving in Staphylococcus aureus. Pathogenic islands are specific group of genomic islands acquired by microorganism through horizontal gene transfer [8]. Staphylococcus aureus pathogenic islands are a group of 15 kb mobile genetic element that can be dwelling in the genome of the wide group of Staphylococcus aureus strains [9]. It can occur infrequently in other staphylococcal species but Staphylococcus aureus pathogenic islands are common and spread in other gram positive bacteria [10]. Most gene are transferred by Staphylococcus aureus pathogenic islands that are involved in pathogenesis and resistance, the staphylococcal enterotoxins like toxins (SEIs) can be located on Staphylococcus aureus pathogenic islands that can carry one or more super antigens encoding gene like tst and many SEs gene [11].