General Route to 4a-Methylhydrofluorene Diterpenoids: Total
Syntheses of (()-Taiwaniaquinones D and H, (()-Taiwaniaquinol B,
(()-Dichroanal B, and (()-Dichroanone
Mainak Banerjee, Ranjan Mukhopadhyay, Basudeb Achari, and Asish Kr. Banerjee*
Medicinal Chemistry DiVision, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road,
Kolkata-700 032, India
ashisbanerjee@iicb.res.in
ReceiVed December 16, 2005
A general and convergent route for the synthesis of the 4a-methylhydrofluorene diterpenoids has been
established through a common hexahydrofluorenone intermediate (10) obtained via Pd(0)-catalyzed
reductive cyclization of a substituted 2-(2-bromobenzyl) methylene cyclohexane (13). The strategy has
been successfully utilized for the synthesis of (()-taiwaniaquinones D (3) and H (5), (()-taiwaniaquinol
B(1), (()-dichroanal B (7), and (()-dichroanone (8).
Introduction
Recently a large number of highly rearranged abietane-type
diterpenoids possessing the uncommon 4a-methyl tetra- (or
hexa-) hydrofluorene skeleton were isolated mainly from a
common Taiwanese pine tree, Taiwania cryptomerioides.
1
These
include taiwaniaquinols B (1)
1a
and D (2),
1c
and taiwaniaquino-
nes D (3),
1b
F(4),
1c
and H (5)
1d
(Figure 1). A few more
structurally related diterpenoids such as dichroanals A (6) and
B(7), and dichroanone (8) were isolated from SalVia dichroan-
tha.
2
Another novel diterpenoid, standishinal (9), was obtained
from Thuja standishii.
3
Though the bioactivities of this family
of compounds are yet to be examined comprehensively,
preliminary studies
1d
revealed that taiwaniaquinone D (3)
possesses antitumoral cytotoxic activity, and standishinal (9)
has promising antitumor
4
and aromatase inhibitory
5
potential.
The published results on their bioactivities and the unique
structural pattern make them attractive synthetic targets. Reports
on the syntheses of the basic 4a-methyl hydrofluorene skeleton
are relatively few,
6-10
though a large volume of literature exists
on the synthesis of the gibberellin group of diterpenoids
possessing a bridged hydrofluorene nucleus.
11
In the course of
our studies on the synthesis of rearranged polycyclic diter-
penoids
12
we have recently disclosed
12a
in a preliminary account
the first total syntheses of dichroanal B (7) and dichroanone
(1) (a) Lin, W.-H.; Fang, J.-M.; Cheng, Y.-S. Phytochemistry 1995, 40,
871-873. (b) Lin, W.-H.; Fang, J.-M.; Cheng, Y.-S. Phytochemistry 1996,
42, 1657-1663. (c) Chang, C.-I.; Chien, S.-C.; Lee, S.-M.; Kuo, Y.-H.
Chem. Pharm. Bull. 2003, 51, 1420-1422. (d) Chang, C.-I.; Chang, J.-Y.;
Kuo, C.-C.; Pan, W.-Y.; Kuo, Y.-H. Planta Med. 2005, 71, 72-76.
(2) Kawazoe, K.; Yamamoto, M.; Takaishi, Y.; Honda, G.; Fujita, T.;
Sezik, E.; Yesilada, E. Phytochemistry 1999, 50, 493-497.
(3) Ohtsu, H.; Iwamoto, M.; Ohishi, H.; Matsunaga, S.; Tanaka, R.
Tetrahedron Lett. 1999, 40, 6419-6422.
(4) Iwamoto, M.; Ohtsu, H.; Tokuda, H.; Nishino, H.; Matsunaga, S.;
Tanaka, R. Bioorg. Med. Chem. 2001, 9, 1911-1921.
(5) (a) Minami, T.; Iwamoto, M.; Ohtsu, H.; Ohishi, H.; Tanaka, R.;
Yoshitake, A. Planta Med. 2002, 68, 742-745. (b) Hanson, J. R. Nat. Prod.
Rep. 2004, 21, 312-320.
FIGURE 1. 4a-Methylhydrofluorene diterpenoids.
10.1021/jo052589w CCC: $33.50 © 2006 American Chemical Society
J. Org. Chem. 2006, 71, 2787-2796 2787 Published on Web 03/10/2006