International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) ISSN: 2319-7064 ResearchGate Impact Factor (2018): 0.28 | SJIF (2018): 7.426 Volume 8 Issue 6, June 2019 www.ijsr.net Licensed Under Creative Commons Attribution CC BY The Phytochemistry Profile of Raru (Vatica pauciflora and Cotylelobium melanoxylon) and Its Potential as Diabetes Mellitus Drug Marina Silalahi 1 1 Departement of Biology Education, Faculty of Education and Teacher Training, Universitas Kristen Indonesia, Cawang, 13510, Indonesia Corresponding author: marina_biouki[at]yahoo.com; marina.silalahi[at]uki.ac.id Abstract: Vatica pauciflora Blume and Cotylelobium melanoxylon Pierre have been used by Batak ethnic to cure of diabetes mellitus. Research was conducted to know the phytochemistry of Vatica pauciflora and Cotylelobium melanoxylon as initial step to bioprospection of diabetes mellitus drugs. The bark of Vatica pauciflora and obtained from Central Tapanuli (North Sumatra) and Cotylelobium melanoxylon obtained from Riau. The extraction done through maseration with ratio 1:10 w/v (raru : methanol). The phytochemistry of Vatica pauciflora and Cotylelobium melanoxylon are analysed by Thin Liquid Chromatography (TLC). The bark of the Cotylelobium melanoxylon contains triterpenoids, flavonoids, tannins, and β- sitosterol, while the bark of Vatica pauciflora have triterpenoids, flavonoids, and β-sitosterol but do not tannin. Keywords: Raru, Vatica pauciflora, Cotylelobium melanoxylon, diabetes mellitus 1. Introduction Raru are the bark which use by the Batak ethnic to fermentation of the Arenga pinnata sap (tuak). The addition of the raru bark to tuak will be change of flavour and its colour. Based on a review of the literatures, the raru consist of some of species such as: Shorea maxwelliana, Vatica songa, Garcinia sp. (Hildebrand 1954), Shorea faguetiana (Erika 2005), Cotylelobium melanoxylon (Pasaribu et al. 2007), Cotylelobium lanceolatum, Vatica perakensis (Pasaribu 2011), Shorea balanocarpoides (Pasaribu et al. 2011, Pasaribu 2011), Eurya sp. (Anggraeni 2013; Silalahi et al. 2015). Vatica pauciflora and Cotylelobium melanoxylon are the raru bark widely used for diabetes mellitus drugs (Silalahi 2014; Silalahi et al. 2015) and fermentation of tuak, so that its easy found and traded in the traditional markets in North Sumatra (Silalahi 2016). Utilization of the raru bark as diabetes mellitus drugs adopted from the tradition of the Batak ethnic (which is not prohibited by religion) in North Sumatra drunk of tuak at the night (Silalahi et al. 2015b). The people which regulary drunk of tuak didn,t suspect of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes mellitus, one of the metabolic disorders characterized by chronic hyperglycemia, is a serious global health concern rapidly reaching epidemic levels (Mosa et al. 2015). The treatment of diabetes with synthetic drugs is costly and chances of side effects are high. Over the time, diabetes can damage the heart, blood vessels, eyes, kidneys, and nerves (Gaikwad et al. 2014). To curing of diabetes mellitus, the Batak ethnic have been used the medicinal plants that have bitter taste such as: Andrographis paniculata, Eurycoma longifolia, dan Lindernia viscose (Silalahi 2014; Silalahi et al. 2015). Wiryodidagdo et al. (2000) stated that the plants as medicine of diabetes mellitus are plant that produces compounds which can be suppress or stimulate the endocrine glands. The current diabetic therapies include use of carbohydrate digestive enzyme inhibitors (Hung et al. 2012). Some secondary metabolites produced by medicinal plants such as terpenoids, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and saponins have an activity antidiabetic. Phenols and flavonoids are phenolic compounds biosynthesized by some plants (Taiz & Zeiger 2006). Flavonoids have activity as an antidiabetic (Brahmachari 2011). Alkaloid is a class of compounds that is alkaline, containing one or more nitrogen atom (Zieggler & Facchini, 2009). Various multiple biological activities of plant-derived triterpenoids with apparent effects to diabetic complications such as: Lagerstroemia speciosa (Hou et al. 2009) and Weigela subsessilis; (Lee et al. 2010), Protorhus longifolia (Mosa et al. 2015). To knowing of the potential of raru bark as diabetes mellitus drugs, this research was conducted to analysis phytochemical bark of raru (Vatica pauciflora and Cotylelobium melanoxylon). 2. Methods The materials used in this study are bark of raru (Vatica pauciflora obtained from Central Tapanuli and Cotylelobium melanoxylon obtained from Riau). The raru bark cut to be small pieces (1x 2 cm) and then oven-dried at 50° C until its weight is constant. The raru bark is dried pulverized to be powder. Extraction done through the maceration methods. The powder of the raru barks are soaked with methanol for 3 x 24 hours with the ratio 1: 10. The raru barks solution are filtered with Whatman number 1, and then concentrated using a rotary vacuum evaporator. The extraction of raru barks of Cotylelobium melanoxylon (R) and Vatica pauciflora (S) are 6 times to each species. Paper ID: ART20198025 10.21275/ART20198025 622