Journal of Research in Medical and Dental Science 2018, Volume 6, Issue 2, Page No: 227-232 Copyright CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 Available Online at: www.jrmds.in eISSN No. 2347-2367: pISSN No. 2347-2545 Journal of Research in Medical and Dental Science | Vol. 6 | Issue 2 | March 2018 227 Studying the Effect of Intravenous Injections of Ketorolac (IVIK) on Analgesia Control before and after using Tourniquet in Orthopedic Surgery of Femur and Tibia by General Anesthesia Hasan Zabetian 1 , Farzad Sadeghi 1 , Ali Falah 2 , Navid Kalani 1 * 1 Anesthesiology, Critical care and pain management research center, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran 2 Student Research Committee, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran DOI: 10.24896/jrmds.20186235 ABSTRACT Postoperative pain is an unpleasant experience created due to different stimuli to which human reacts. This process leads to physiological disorders in all body systems. The purpose of this study was, thus, to evaluate the effect of IVIK on analgesia control before and after using tourniquet in orthopedic surgery of femur and tibia by general anesthesia. One hundred patients, candidate for femur and tibia surgeries aged 15-75, entered this double-blind clinical trial. Each patient was randomly assigned to one of the two groups of Ketorolac before and after tying the tourniquet. The visual criteria for pain during recovery were measured and completed at 6 and 12 hours after operation. Data were analyzed using descriptive (mean and percent) and inferential statistics (Man- Whitney). Mann-Whitney test showed no significant differences in pain scores in the two groups, before and after using tourniquet, in femur and tibia orthopedic surgery with general anesthesia (p-value>0.05). T-test showed a significant difference in heart rate between the two groups before and after tying the tourniquet at 30 minutes (p<0.05). No significant difference was found during the surgery between the two groups before and after tying the tourniquet regarding other vital signs (p> 0.05). The results showed no significant differences in the pain score in the groups before and after the use of tourniquet. Thus, as this used 30-mg of ketorolac was performed, it could not evaluate higher doses to reduce the need for analgesic in the two groups. Keywords: Ketorolac, Analgesia, Tourniquet, Orthopedic HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE: Hasan Zabetian, Farzad Sadeghi, Ali Falah, Navid Kalani, Studying the Effect of Intravenous Injections of Ketorolac (IVIK) on Analgesia Control before and after using Tourniquet in Orthopedic Surgery of Femur and Tibia by General Anesthesia, J Res Med Dent Sci, 2018, 6 (2): 227-232, DOI: 10.24896/jrmds.20186235 Corresponding author: Navid Kalani e-mail navidkalani@ymail.com Received: 11/12/2017 Accepted: 28/01/2018 INTRODUCTION Pain is a physiological response showing the presence of an injury or a disease. Pain increases the sympathetic response of the body, followed by increased heart rate, cardiac workload, and oxygen consumption [1]. Postoperative pain is one of the most common complications after each surgery, whose degree and control method depend on the organ involved in the surgery. Controlling acute postoperative pain is done in different ways, including oral, intravenous, muscular, cutaneous, peripheral nerve, regional administration (epidural and intrathecal) [2] of analgesic, and electrical stimulation of the nerve through cutaneous. The mechanisms of creating postoperative pain are inflammation in damaged tissues, direct damage to the nerves, or vague pain caused by the tissues adjacent to cutaneous incision [3]. Ketorolac, generically called ketorolac trometamol, is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that reduces pain and inflammation by inhibiting the activity of cyclooxygenase and synthesis of prostaglandin. Currently, ketorolac syringe is widely used in the United States and Europe as an injectable analgesic. Not having respiratory depression, lack of physical dependence and prolonged analgesic effect are of the most important advantages of ketorolac syringe compared to injectable opioids. In