Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Meat Science journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/meatsci Replacing soybean meal with rapeseed meal and faba beans in a growing- fnishing pig diet: Efect on growth performance, meat quality and metabolite changes Vladana Grabež a , Bjørg Egelandsdal a , Nils Petter Kjos b , Ingrid Marie Håkenåsen b , Liv Torunn Mydland b , Jon Olav Vik a , Elin Hallenstvedt c , Hanne Devle a , Margareth Øverland b, ⁎ a Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, N-1432 Ås, Norway b Faculty of Biosciences, Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, N-1430 Ås, Norway c Nortura SA, P. O. Box 360, Økern, 0513 Oslo, Norway ARTICLEINFO Keywords: Local diet Carcass traits Pork meat Chilled storage Metabolites Sensory quality ABSTRACT Rapeseed meal and faba beans (RSM/FB) can serve as an alternative to imported soybean meal (SBM). In this study, forty Norwegian crossbred ([Landrace x Yorkshire] x Duroc) growing-fnishing pigs (108.7 ± 4.2 kg fnal BW) were fed a diet with either SBM or RSM/FB as protein sources. RSM/FB increased feed conversion ratio (P = .04) in the fnishing period, reduced lightness (P = .04) and yellowness (P = .004) of meat, changed amounts of individual fatty acids, but not of total SFA, MUFA and PUFA. Importantly, RSM/FB reduced the glucose level (P < .05) in meat. Lower pyroglutamic acid (P = .06) in RSM/FB indicate lower oxidative stress in pre-rigor muscle cell. Increased abundance of free amino acids, sweet tasting metabolites, reduced warmed-over favor and favor attributes indicated desirable properties of RSM/FB meat. To conclude, RSM/FB in pig diet supported growth performance and carcass quality comparable to SBM and had a positive efect on meat quality. 1. Introduction Modern pig production in Europe heavily relies on imported soy- bean meal (SBM) as the main dietary protein supplement (Jezierny, Mosenthin, & Bauer, 2010). Considering frequent large price fuctua- tions for SBM, an overall economic pressure on pork production (Florou-Paneri et al., 2014), and also the high reliance on imported protein rich feedstufs in Norway and Europe, an alternative is in- creased use of rapeseed meal (RSM) and faba beans (FB) as locally produced high-protein ingredients(Jezierny et al., 2010; Sobotka, Pomianowski, & Wójcik, 2012). In addition, the possibility of replacing SBM with protein sources from European agricultural systems can contribute to more sustainable pork production (Hanczakowska & Świątkiewicz, 2014; van Zanten, Bikker, Mollenhorst, Meerburg, & De Boer, 2015). Some studies have shown no adverse efects of replacing SBM with alternative protein sources on growth performance of growing-fnishing pigs (Partanen, Alaviuhkola, Siljander-Rasi, & Suomi, 2003; Skoufos et al., 2016). A meta-analysis showed that up to 30% rapeseed meal in growing-fnishing pig diets did not compromise growth performance compared to a SBM based diet when added to a nutritionally balanced diet (Hansen, Øverland, Skrede, Anderson, & Collins, 2020). However, limited information exists on the metabolic adaptation of pigs and metabolite changes in pork meat resulting from replacing SBM with RSM and FB. Metabolite analyses are often used in human interventions identi- fying metabolites associated with the intake of nutrients and diferent dietary patterns (Esko et al., 2017; Lécuyer et al., 2020), while it has not been commonly used to study the impact of metabolites on animal performance and meat quality in farm animals. Chen et al. (2018) re- ported that RSM in diets (200 g/kg of feed) for young pigs induced changes in metabolite profle of liver and plasma by increasing the level of oxidized metabolites (e.g. oxidized glutathione) and compromised redox balance. Metabolite analysis of meat may show similar changes. However, Skugor et al. (2019) showed that feeding rapeseed based diets containing natural antioxidants led to an increased expression of genes that protectn against oxidative stress and removes muscle free radicals. Diferent energy sources, such as low starch, high fbre and fat content diets can modulate muscle physiological and nutritional condition, i.e. glycogen storage (Li et al., 2015), which have an indirect efect on early post mortem conversion of muscle into meat (Li et al., 2017). However, diet-induced metabolite changes in muscle early post mortem and during storage have not been studied. Overall, both variation in nutritional and https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meatsci.2020.108134 Received 3 November 2019; Received in revised form 26 March 2020 ⁎ Corresponding author at: Faculty of Biosciences, Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway. E-mail address: margareth.overland@nmbu.no (M. Øverland). Meat Science 166 (2020) 108134 Available online 29 March 2020 0309-1740/ © 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. T