Research Article
Germplasm Bred for Resistance to Striga hermonthica Exhibited
High Resistance Levels to Striga asiatica Compared to
Commercial Checks
Vimbayi Dhliwayo,
1
Edmore Gasura ,
2
Cacious Stanford Nyakurwa,
2
Stanford Mabasa,
2
Arnold Bray Mashingaidze,
1
and Peter Setimela
3
1
DepartmentofCropScienceandPost-HarvestTechnology,ChinhoyiUniversityofTechnology,P.Bag7724,Chinhoyi,Zimbabwe
2
Department of Plant Production Sciences and Technologies, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box MP 167, Mount Pleasant,
Harare, Zimbabwe
3
Global Maize Program, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), P.O. Box MP 163, Mt Pleasant,
Harare, Zimbabwe
Correspondence should be addressed to Edmore Gasura; gasurae@yahoo.com
Received 10 April 2021; Accepted 22 June 2021; Published 9 July 2021
Academic Editor: Tibor Janda
Copyright © 2021 Vimbayi Dhliwayo et al. is is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution
License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is
properly cited.
Parasitic weeds belonging to the Orobanchaceae family are a menace in Sub-Saharan African (SSA). Specifically, the two
witchweeds from the genus Striga, S. hermonthica and S. asiatica, are jointly responsible for land abandonments and cereal yield
reductions in the SSA. Factorial experiments involving fourteen maize genotypes and two levels of Striga asiatica infestation
(infested and noninfested) were conducted under pot and laboratory experiments at the Department of Plant Production Sciences
and Technologies, University of Zimbabwe, during the 2014/2015 season. A 14 × 2 factorial pot experiment was arranged in a 7 × 4
α-lattice design replicated four times, whereas the laboratory agar gel was arranged in a complete randomized design with four
replications. Results revealed significant differences (p < 0.05) for S. asiatica and genotype main effects for the recorded traits.
S. asiatica-infested genotypes had lower biomasses than noninfested ones. However, the University of Zimbabwe bred hybrids
such as Ax31, Ax28, Ax7, and Ax32 had similar plant heights and stem, leaf, and cob biomass across the two Striga levels unlike the
local checks, particularly SC513, SC537, and SC637, under Striga infestation. Moreover, these genotypes also had the least Striga
germination percentage and furthest germination distance indicating that they are resistant/tolerant to Striga asiatica. e
University of Zimbabwe bred hybrids, using Strigahermonthica resistance from the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture,
exhibited resistance/tolerance to Striga asiatica compared to local checks. erefore, these varieties could offer a better and viable
Striga spp. control option to farmers in both S. hermonthica and S. asiatica endemic areas.
1. Introduction
In Africa, many smallholder farmers are seriously facing
weed problems in their maize production systems, especially
parasitic weeds. Among the most problematic parasitic
weeds in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) are the two Striga
species: Striga hermonthica (Del.) Benth. and Striga asiatica
L. Kuntze from the Orobanchaceae family [1–3]. However,
Mabasa [4] reported Striga asiatica as the most prevalent of
the Striga species in southern Africa with particular
reference to Zimbabwe whereas S. hermonthica is more
prevalent in the west and east of Africa, causing serious
damage and crop yield reductions [5–7]. ese two Striga
species affect maize, sorghum, and rice among other cereals
through root attachment and are hence classified as obligate
root parasites [8–10].
Striga spp. only germinates in the presence of germi-
nation stimulants from the host crop [11, 12]. Germination
stimulants known as strigolactones released by host crops
such as maize are responsible for Striga spp. germination,
Hindawi
Advances in Agriculture
Volume 2021, Article ID 9915370, 11 pages
https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/9915370